失重/模拟失重对血管系统的影响及防护研究进展  

Research Progress of Effects of Weightlessness/Simulated Weightlessness on Vascular System and Its Protection

作　　者：梁帅 杜锐凯 凌树宽[2] 史大卓[3] 李英贤[2] Liang Shuai;Du Ruikai;Ling Shukuan;Shi Dazhuo;Li Yingxian(不详;State Key Lab of Space Medicine Funda-mentals and Application,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;Xiyuan Hospital-China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学东方医院,北京100078 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京100094 [3]中国中医科学院西苑医院,北京100091

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2021年第5期383-391,共9页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M650986);载人航天工程航天医学实验领域项目资助(HYZHXM01007)。

摘　　要：失重或模拟失重环境下,人体内流体静压消失,体液头向转移,对机体血管产生显著影响,导致血管发生重塑和功能改变适应失重或模拟失重。由于不同部位血管结构和血流变化不同,因此失重或模拟失重可能会对人体各部位的血管产生不同的影响。综述了失重或模拟失重条件下脑血管、眼部血管、心血管、肺脏血管、胸腹部血管、下肢/后肢血管和微血管等不同部位血管适应性变化的特征,总结了失重/模拟失重引起血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞功能改变的机制。血管结构重塑、功能适应既是机体自我调节维持机体稳定的结果,也是最终导致飞行后立位耐力不良的重要原因之一。围绕长期飞行任务密切相关的防护手段如运动锻炼、下体或四肢负压装置、人工重力和药物防护等进行了分析,在对抗措施的应用上建议应多注重选用联合对抗方案,以期为未来长期载人航天制定有效防护措施提供参考。Under weightlessness or simulated weightlessness conditions,the hydrostatic pressure in the human body disappears and the head-ward shift of body fluids,which has a significant impact on the bodys vascular system,leads to vessel remodeling and severe dysfunction of the vascular system.Due to the differences of the vascular structure and blood flow in different body parts,weightlessness or simulated weightlessness may have different effects on functions of vascular system in different parts of the body.The effects of weightlessness or simulated weightlessness on the vascular system,such as cerebrovascular,ocular vascular,cardiovascular,pulmonary vascular,thoracic aorta,abdomi-nal and lower limb/hind limbs vascular were investigated.The research progress in the effects of weightlessness on function of blood vessels and its mechanism were summarized.It could be concluded that the vascular changes were the results of self-regulation of the body to maintain its normal func-tion,and it might play an important role in the genesis of postflight orthostatic intolerance.Further-more,the protection measures related to long-term flight missions,such as exercise,lower body or limb negative pressure devices,artificial gravity and medicine were analyzed.It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the selection of joint countermeasures which may serve as a reference for the establishment of effective countermeasures for long-term manned spaceflight in the future.

关 键 词：失重 模拟失重 血管 防护 

分 类 号：R852.22[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]