近代中国“武术”“国技”概念名词源流考论  

Research on the Etymologies and Development of “Wushu” and “Guoji” in Modern China

作　　者：季培刚 吉灿忠[1] JI Pei-gang;JI Can-zhong(School of Sports Science and Physical Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第8期131-139,共9页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“近代武术发展若干历史问题及其对当代传承启示研究”(项目编号:18BTY126)。

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、历史研究法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,从历史语义学的视角对近代中国"武术""国技"2个概念性的名词加以实证考察,包括名词起源、跨国传输路径及意涵转变、在中国的传播时段和地域差异、与现代民族国家建构相关联的理论预设等几个层面,为深化中国武术概念的认识提供一个历史的维度。研究认为:"武术"和"国技"是清末由日本引进的和制汉语名词;二者在跨国传播过程中,为对接本土经验而发生意涵转变,呈现出趋同化;在中国的早期传播和使用中,存在时段和地域的双重差异;基于近代中国新知识人士的危亡意识,"武术""国技"概念名词的引进与建构民族国家这一宏大目标紧密相连,成为后来武术国家化建构方向的理论基因。对武术概念史的深入认知,可为今后寻求自身历史传统中更为恰切的替代方案做出基础性的理论预备,也是理顺当下认识和今后发展路径的必要前提。This paper uses literature review,historical research and logical analysis to elaborate on the conceptual terms of Wushu and Guoji in modern China from the perspective of historical semantics. The current study covers the etymologies of the conceptual terms,transnational transmission path,changes in meanings,dissemination period and regional differences in China as well as the theoretical presupposition related to the construction of modern nation states,which provides a historical perspective for further understanding of Chinese Wushu. It is believed that Wushu and Guoji are two terms coined by the Japanese and introduced from Japan in the late Qing Dynasty. In the process of cross-border transmission,in order to connect with local experience,the meanings of the two terms changed and showed semantic convergence. In the early dissemination and use in China,there were differences in both time and region. Based on the new intellectuals’ awareness of crises in modern China,the introduction of the conceptual terms of Wushu and Guoji was closely related to the vision of building a nation state,and became the theoretical gene of the development in the nationalization of present Wushu. An in-depth understanding of the history of Wushu concepts could lay a theoretical foundation for seeking a more appropriate alternative in the future,and it is also a necessary prerequisite for straightening out the current understanding and future development path of Wushu.

关 键 词：清末民初 日本 武术 国技 概念史 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]