远喷口型SEDEX铅锌矿床最新研究进展及发展趋势  

Advance and Trend of the Vent-Distal SEDEX Lead-Zinc Deposits

作　　者：孙华山[1] 杨辉 SUN Huashan;YANG Hui(School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2021年第7期663-670,共8页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“青海省锡铁山SEDEX型铅锌矿床成矿构造背景及关键成矿控制”(编号:41172087)资助。

摘　　要：远喷口型SEDEX矿床是全球铅锌矿产的主要来源,但是,长期以来有关其成因及判别的标志一直存在争议。最近全球几个典型的此类铅锌矿床成矿研究取得了一些重要进展:(1)海底喷流沉积作用不是该类矿床成矿的唯一方式,纹层状矿化也不是其成因的直接诊断标志;(2)与传统上认为该类矿床一般形成于封闭、还原的海底低洼沉积环境不同,远喷口型SEDEX矿床赋矿围岩可以形成于开放、氧化沉积环境;(3)甲烷厌氧氧化作用和海底热液交代作用可能是该类矿床纹层状、条带状矿化形成的主要机制。这些认识不仅对该类矿床传统成因模式提出了挑战,而且也将引起传统找矿勘查评价准则的改变。因此,借鉴已有研究经验,加强该类矿床成矿研究是当前矿床学的迫切任务之一。Abastract:Vent-distal Sedimentary-Exhalative(SEDEX) ore deposits are the main source of lead-zinc minerals worldwide, however, their genesis and diagnostic marks are yet controversial. Recently, some important discoveries have been made in the study of typical vent-distal SEDEX ore deposits in the world,including:(1) Submarine exhalative sedimentation is not the unique way of mineralization, and laminated mineralization is not an exclusive diagnostic signature of the genesis of such deposits;(2) Contrary to the traditional view given that vent-distal SEDEX deposits are generally formed in a closed, reduced and downwarped submarine sedimentary environment, the host rocks of these deposits can be formed in an open and oxidized sedimentary environment;(3) Methane anaerobic oxidation and submarine hydrothermal alteration may be the main mechanisms for the formation of laminated and layered mineralization of this type of deposits. These understandings not only challenge the traditional genetic model of SEDEX deposits but also lead to the change of traditional prospecting and exploration evaluation criteria. Therefore, it is one of the urgent tasks to strengthen metallogenic research of this type of deposits learnt from the existing research experiences.

关 键 词：远喷口型SEDEX矿床 诊断标志 沉积环境 成矿机制 

分 类 号：P618.4[天文地球—矿床学]