山东海域口虾蛄肥满度的时空变化及其影响因素  

Spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of the condition factor of Oratosquilla oratoria in Shandong offshore

作　　者：耿玉玲 张崇良[1,2] 张云雷 徐宾铎 薛莹[1,2] 任一平[1,2,3] GENG Yuling;ZHANG Chongliang;ZHANG Yunlei;XU Binduo;XUE Ying;REN Yiping(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第8期1051-1059,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900904,2018YFD0900906).

摘　　要：根据2017年冬、夏季在山东海域进行的底拖网调查数据,分析了口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)肥满度的变化,并应用GAM模型分析了肥满度与海洋环境因子、种群结构以及生物因素等3类因子之间的关系。研究表明,山东海域口虾蛄评估肥满度接近1.1,冬季肥满度高于夏季,在北部和东部海域肥满度较高,南部近岸海域口虾蛄的肥满度较低。个体大小对于肥满度影响最大,小个体的肥满度略大于大个体,两个季节不同性别间肥满度差异较小。夏季口虾蛄肥满度随种群密度的增加逐渐上升,冬季种群密度对口虾蛄肥满度的影响不大。夏季温度和水深的变化对口虾蛄肥满度大小的影响较小,冬季口虾蛄肥满度大小变化受温度、水深的影响较大。饵料生物对口虾蛄肥满度呈现出显著影响(P<0.01)。口虾蛄肥满度的变化与其摄食、繁殖和越冬等生物学过程紧密相关。通过研究发现,种群结构(种群密度、体长、性别)、环境因子(海水温度、水深、底质类型)和饵料生物对口虾蛄肥满度大小呈现显著影响(P<0.01),初步阐明了口虾蛄肥满度与种群结构、环境因子及生物因素之间的关系。The condition factor is an parameter reflecting the physiological and nutritional status of animals, which is widely used to evaluate the growth status of animals and their intraspecific and the interspecific relationships. To investigate the variation and influencing factors of the condition factor of Oratosquilla oratoria, this study analyzed its condition factor in Shandong shore based on bottom trawl survey data from the winter and summer in 2017. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between the condition factor and the marine environment factor, population structure, and biological factors. The results showed that the condition factor of O. oratoria off the Shandong shore was close to 1.1, much higher in winter than in summer, and higher in the northern and eastern areas than in the southern coastal areas. Individual body length had the greatest influence on the condition factor, and the condition factor of small individuals was slightly larger than that of large individuals;however, the difference between males and females was small. The condition factor of O. oratoria increased gradually with increased population density in the summer, but changed little in the winter. The changes in temperature and water depth had little influence on the condition factor in the summer;however, these variations had greater influence in the winter. The presence of predators, competitors, and prey showed significant influences on the condition factor of O. oratoria. We concluded that the variations in the condition factor were closely related to feeding, reproduction and overwintering. Our study elucidated the relationships between the condition factor of O. oratoria and the population structure, environmental factors, and biological factors, and may provide theoretical support for the rational development, utilization, and protection of O. oratoria.

关 键 词：口虾蛄 肥满度 个体大小 种群密度 环境因子 GAM模型 山东海域 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]