不真正连带责任的诉讼构造--以《民法典》第1203条为中心  

The Litigation Structure of Unreal Joint Liability Focusing on Article 1203 of the Civil Code

作　　者：肖建国[1] 丁金钰 XIAO Jian-guo;DING Jin-yu(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（人文科学版）》2021年第5期1-11,共11页Journal of Ningbo University：Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国强制执行法体系研究”(12JJD820012)。

摘　　要：不真正连带责任是一种独特的民事共同责任类型。出于便利权利人寻求救济的需要,实体法赋予了权利人起诉主体选择权,但落实到司法实践中,因程序规则供给严重不足,导致法院在诉讼形态的选择、案外人程序保障限度以及判决主文的表述等问题上做法多元,有必要从不真正连带责任的内外部关系出发,在类似必要共同诉讼的视角下建构不真正连带责任诉讼程序运行机制。诉讼阶段可综合考量“程序保障、诉讼经济、案情查明”等因素,将未被列为被告的终局责任人以辅助型第三人或证人的身份进入诉讼系属,并获得一定程序保障;责任确定阶段通过判决既判力客观范围的扩张,遮断胜诉原告就相同事实另行主张的权利,从而兼顾各方诉讼主体的利益和纠纷解决的质效。Unreal joint liability is a unique type of civil joint liability in China.To facilitate the needs of the obligees to seek relief,substantive law gives obligees for prosecution options.But in the judicial practice,the serious shortage of rules of procedure makes the practices diversified in the choice of court in litigation form,an outsider procedural safeguard limits and the presentation of the main text of the judgment.so it is necessary to start with internal and external relationship of unreal joint liability,apply similar necessary joint action to construct unreal joint liability litigation structure.In the stage of litigation,the ultimate liable person who is not listed as the defendant can enter the litigation as an auxiliary third party or witness and obtain certain procedural protection by comprehensively considering the factors of“procedural protection,litigation economy,case investigation”and so on.In the stage of liability determination,the objective scope of res judicata is expanded to block the right of the successful plaintiff to claim the same facts separately,so as to give consideration to the interests of the litigant subjects and the quality and effect of dispute resolution.

关 键 词：民法典 不真正连带责任 产品责任 普通共同诉讼 类似必要共同诉讼 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]