2015-2019年北京地区无偿献血者初筛及复检不合格原因分析  

Analysis of reasons for unqualified preliminary screening and retesting of blood donors in Beijing from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：江峰[1] 高颂明[1] 陈霄[1] JIANG Feng;GAO Songming;CHEN Xiao(First Section of Blood Donation Service,Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心献血服务一科,北京100088

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2021年第16期166-169,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的通过回顾性调查2015—2019年北京地区无偿献血者血液标本的初筛和复检结果,分析导致献血者淘汰及血液报废的原因及变化趋势。方法按年度统计2015—2019年献血者血液标本的不合格数量及不合格率,根据不同的初筛和复检项目,计算总体不合格率及不同检测项目的年度不合格率。结果2015—2019年初筛不合格的标本数共有247446例,总体不合格率为16.37%;复检不合格标本数为26606例,总体不合格率为2.10%;初筛不合格率呈上升趋势,而复检不合格率则逐年下降;从各检测项目来看,初筛乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性导致的不合格率呈逐年下降趋势,由乳糜血和血红蛋白(Hb)导致的不合格率逐年升高;复检不合格率最高的是梅毒螺旋体(TP)阳性(0.56%),最低的是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性(0.13%)。复检中TP和HIV阳性标本检出率有逐年下降的趋势,而其他三项基本保持稳定。结论丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和乳糜血是导致初筛不合格的主要因素;通过初筛的血液其乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、HIV和TP阳性率总体保持稳定且处于低水平;通过体检和初筛,可屏蔽大部分不合格献血者。Objective To analyze the reasons and changing trends leading to donor elimination and blood rejection by retrospectively investigating the results of preliminary screening and retesting of blood specimens from blood donors in Beijing from 2015 to 2019.Methods The unqualified number and unqualified rate of blood specimens of blood donors from 2015 to 2019 were counted by year,and the overall unqualified rate and annual unqualified rates of different testing items were calculated according to different preliminary screening and retesting items.Results There were a total of 247446 unqualified specimens in the preliminary screening from 2015 to 2019,with an overall unqualified rate of 16.37%.There were a total of 26606 unqualified specimens in the retesting from 2015 to 2019,with an overall unqualified rate of 2.10%.The unqualified rate in the preliminary screening showed a slight upward trend,while the unqualified rate in the retesting decreased year by year.In terms of each test item,the unqualified rate due to positive HBsAg in the preliminary screening showed a decreasing trend year by year,while the unqualified rate due to celiac blood and Hb increased slightly year by year.The highest unqualified rate in the retesting was TP positive(0.56%)and the lowest was HIV positive(0.13%).The detection rate of TP and HIV positive specimens in the retesting tended to decrease year by year,while the other three remained basically stable.Conclusion ALT and celiac blood are the main factors leading to unqualified preliminary screening,and the publicity to blood donors needs to be strengthened to improve the passing rate of the preliminary screening.The positive rates of HBV,HCV,HIV and TP in the blood collected after the preliminary screening remain stable and low in general.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 血液初筛 血液复检 血液报废 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]