两级动态膜反应器脱氮性能及微生物相互作用  

PERFORMANCE OF NITROGEN REMOVAL AND MICROBIAL INTERACTION IN A TWO-STAGE DYNAMIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

作　　者：罗晓楠 杨一清 张楠 孟凡刚 LUO Xiao-nan;YANG Yi-qing;ZHANG Nan;MENG Fan-gang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Institute of Environmental&Ecological Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Grandtop Environmental Service Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 514000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [2]广东工业大学环境生态工程研究院,广州510006 [3]广东省环境污染控制与修复技术重点实验室,广州510006 [4]广州环投环境服务有限公司,广州514000

出　　处：《环境工程》2021年第7期108-115,共8页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：广东省科技创新战略专项(2018B020202);山东省重大科技创新工程项(2019JZZY020308)。

摘　　要：动态膜对跨膜压差要求较低,在保证悬浮物去除效果同时对减少能耗有关键作用。同时,动态膜也可以保护用于低C/N污水脱氮的厌氧氨氧化菌(AMX)。在设置动态膜的A/O工艺中处理低C/N废水,将异养菌和自养菌在A和O池中进行分离,并在O池絮状污泥中富集好氧氨氧化菌(AOB),生物膜上富集厌氧氨氧化菌(AMX)。反应器在C/N=1情况下,NH_(3)-N、TN和COD去除率分别为(91.2±7.5)%、(81.0±8.1)%和(86.4±7.5)%。COD主要在A池去除,TN主要在O池去除。重力驱动出水的动态膜运行效果良好,稳定运行下出水ρ(SS)为(12.2±4.5)mg/L。系统利用动态膜和生物膜实现了功能菌之间的空间分离,反硝化菌主要分布在A池(相对丰度约30%),AOB主要分布在O池中悬浮污泥(相对丰度约5%),而AMX富集在O池生物膜上(相对丰度>20%)。生态网络分析显示,微生物群落中的正相关关系比例均超过70%,保证了系统的良好性能。可见,PN/A、动态膜及A/O结合工艺可提高不同功能微生物协同作用,在低C/N污水脱氮方面有较好效果,具有良好应用前景。Dynamic membrane(DM)requires a low transmembrane pressure,which plays a key role in suspended solid removal and energy saving during wastewater treatment.DM can also protect anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AMX)which is used to increase nitrogen removal efficiency in wastewater with low C/N ratio.DM separated heterotrophs and autotrophs in A/O reactor treating low C/N wastewater into anaerobic tank and aerobic tank,respectively.Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)was enriched in suspended sludge,and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AMX)was enriched in biofilms of the O tank.Removal efficiency of ammonium,total nitrogen,and COD were(91.2±7.5)%,(81.0±8.1)%,and(86.4±7.5)%,respectively,with an influent C/N value of 1.0.COD was mainly removed in the A tank and total nitrogen in the O tank.Gravity-driven dynamic membranes achieved satisfactory suspended solid removal with a concentration of(12.2±4.5)mg/L in the effluent.Functional bacteria were enriched in different parts of the reactor by using dynamic membranes and biofilms.Denitrifiers were mainly present in the anaerobic tank(relative abundance of ca.30%).The AOB was mainly enrich in suspended sludge in aerobic tank sludge,with relative abundance of ca.5%,and anammox bacteria were abundant in the biofilm of the O tank.Results from network analysis showed that positive interactions accounted for more than 70% of all interactions among microbes in each community,which ensured the performance of the reactor.In summary,the combination of PN/A,DM,and A/O process,which improved the synergy of different functional bacteria and ensured nitrogen removal in wastewater with low C/N ratio,was a promising method for wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：自养脱氮 动态膜 反硝化 微群落结构 微生物相互作用 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]