苹果高质量发展技术创新途径  

Technological innovation approach of high quality development in apple industry

作　　者：赵德英[1] 程存刚[1] 仇贵生[1] 董雅凤[1] 张彩霞[1] 李壮[1] 张怀江[1] 胡国君[1] 厉恩茂[1] ZHAO Deying;CHENG Cungang;QIU Guisheng;DONG Yafeng;ZHANG Caixia;LI Zhuang;ZHANG Huaijiang;HU Guojun;LI Enmao(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultual Sciences,Xingrheng,Liaoning 125100)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国果树》2021年第8期1-5,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：伴随着苹果产业的迅速发展,制约产业可持续发展的瓶颈问题日益凸显,主要表现在品种结构单一、苗木带毒率高、栽培模式落后、土肥水管理不科学、花果管理成本高、病虫害防控过分依赖化学农药6个方面。为实现苹果产业的绿色高质量发展,系统创新和集成了"优化品种结构、无病毒苗木、无袋化栽培、负载量精准管理、水肥精量调控、病虫害精准防控、高光效修剪、高质量改土、高效益改园、高标准建园"10项关键技术,以期为建设健康美丽中国、乡村全面振兴提供助力。With the rapid development of the apple industry, the bottlenecks to restrict the sustainable development of apple industry have become increasingly prominent. There were six problems in apple industry including single variety structure, seedlings with serious virus infection, backward cultivation modes, unscientific management of soil, fertilizer and water, high management cost of flower and fruit, excessive reliance on chemical pesticides to control pests and disease. In order to achieve the green and high quality development of the apple industry, ten key technologies were innovated and integrated systematically. Ten technologies covered variety structure optimization, virus-free seedlings production, fruit bagless cultivation, precise management of crop load, precise control of water and fertilizer, precise prevention and control of diseases and insects, high light efficiency pruning, high improving soil quality, high efficiency structural modification of old apple orchard, high-standard orchard construction. Above mentioned would provide support for the construction of a healthy and beautiful China and promote rural overall revitalization.

关 键 词：苹果产业 技术瓶颈 高质量发展 技术创新途径 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]