基于高压水射流的高速电主轴柔性加载系统研究  

Research on Flexible Loading System of High-speed Motorized Spindles Based on High-pressure Water Jet

作　　者：田胜利 陈小安[2] 吴鹏凡 TIAN Shengli;CHEN Xiaoan;WU Pengfan(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Mechanism Design and Control,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044;School of Mechantronics and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学制造装备机构设计与控制重庆市重点试验室,重庆400067 [2]重庆大学机械传动国家重点试验室,重庆400044 [3]重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2021年第13期36-44,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB2000500);重庆市教委科学技术研究(KJQN201900815)资助项目。

摘　　要：高速电主轴的动态加载是测试其动态性能、寿命和可靠性等的关键环节。然而,高速电主轴的结构特征和极高的转速,使得其难以实现动态加载。基于高压水射流技术的高速电主轴柔性加载系统首次被设计、制造并测试,描述了该加载系统的原理、结构和组成。利用连续动量方程推导了射流冲击力模型。通过射流冲击力标定试验和射流流体有限元仿真,得到了加载力与靶距、射流压强、流量、喷嘴直径、标靶直径、转速之间的关系,实现了高速电主轴径向力和轴向力的定量加载。此外,利用该加载系统测试了径/轴向力对高速电主轴动态性能的影响,试验结果表明:(1)高压水射流技术可以为高速电主轴提供稳定的、长时的动态加载;(2)高速电主轴的温升、功率损耗和振动会随着径/轴向负载力显著增大,空载测试不能揭示高速电主轴的真实动态性能。为解决高速电主轴动态加载的难题提供了一种全新的试验方法。High-speed dynamic loading is a key step in testing the dynamic performance,lifespan and reliability of high-speed motorized spindle(HSMS).However,due to its structural characteristics and extremely high speed,it is difficult to achieve dynamic loading of HSMS.For the first time,a flexible loading system based on high-pressure water jet technology was designed,fabricated and tested,and the principles,structure and composition of the loading system were described.A jet’s impact force model was derived based on the continuous momentum equation.Through the calibration tests of the jet’s impact force and finite element simulation of the fluid,the relationships between loading force and target distance,injection pressure,flow rate,nozzle diameter,target diameter,speed were obtained,which realized the quantitative diameter and axial force loading of the HSMS.In addition,the loading system was used to test the influence of load on the dynamic performance of HSMS.The experimental results show that:(1)high-pressure water jets can provide stable long-term dynamic loading for the HSMS,and(2)loading increases the temperature,power consumption and vibration of HSMS,and the no-load test can not reveal the actual dynamic performance of the HSMS.It provides a novel testing method to solve the problem of dynamic loading of HSMS.

关 键 词：高速电主轴 高压水射流 径/轴向力加载 动态性能 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]