日本沼虾染色体核型、基于3种同工酶的群体遗传结构分析  

Karyotype analysis and the population genetic structure of three isozymes in Macrobrachium nipponensis

作　　者：张林[1] 周剑光[1] 甘金华[1] 张涛[1] 何力[1] ZHANG Lin;ZHOU Jianguang;GAN Jinhua;ZHANG Tao;HE Li(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Center for Supervision, Inspection and Testing of Freshwater Fish Germplasm, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2021年第4期46-53,共8页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-48);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2018JBF13)。

摘　　要：本研究以采自洪湖的日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)为材料,采用PHA(Phytohemagglutinin)、秋水仙素腹腔注射和精巢细胞直接制片法,对日本沼虾染色体核型进行研究,并对其种质资源进行评估。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术,分析了日本沼虾肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和酯酶(EST)3种同工酶的表达模式,分析了生化遗传特性及其遗传结构。结果表明:日本沼虾为二倍体,2N=104=74M+8ST+22T,臂数(NF)为178。未发现带有随体或次缢痕的染色体及性染色体。3种酶共记录出10个基因位点,其中LDH1、EST3及MDH4为3个多态位点;多态位点的基因频率为0.35~0.65,多态位点比例P为30%;等位基因数为13,位点平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.3;平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.22,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.1415,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数D为0.5548。杂合子处于过剩状态,表明洪湖日本沼虾尚未遭受人工定向改良,群体种质资源库有较大的变异空间,可为后续的人工育种提供良好的亲本。In this study,using M.Nipponense collected from Honhu lake as materials,the chromosome karyotypes of M.Nipponense were studied by means of PHA(Phytohemagglutinin)and colchicine intraperitoneal injection as well as direct production of spermatozoon cells,which evaluated the germplasm resources.The expression patterns of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH)and esterase(EST)in muscles of M.Nipponense were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel(PAGE)electrophoresis.The results showed that M.Nipponense was diploid,2N=104=74M+8ST+22T,and arm number(NF)was 178.Furthermore,no chromosome or sex chromosome with satellite or secondary constriction was found.Ten gene loci were recorded by the expression patterns of the three enzymes among which LDH1,EST3 and MDH4 belonged to the three polymorphic loci.The gene frequency of polymorphic locus was 0.35~0.65,and the ratio of polymorphic locus P was 30%.The number of alleles was 13,and the average number of effective alleles(Ne)was 1.3.The mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.22,the mean expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.1415,and the Hardy-Weinberg genetic deviation index D was 0.5548.Heterozygotes were in surplus,indicating that M.Nipponense in Honhu lake has not been suffered from artificial directional improvement,and the population germplasm bank has a large variation space,which can provide good parents for the subsequent artificial breeding.

关 键 词：日本沼虾 染色体 同工酶 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]