伊拉肉兔和美系獭兔FGF5基因外显子及部分内含子多态性研究  

Study on Exon and Partial Intron Polymorphism of FGF5 Gene in Ira Meat Rabbit and American Rex Rabbit

作　　者：牛华锋[1] 张成东[2] 杨雪娇[2] 任战军[2] 王淑辉[2] 赵永攀 NIU Huafeng;ZHANG Chengdong;YANG Xuejiao;REN Zhanjun;WANG Shuhui;ZHAO Yongpan(Department of Animal Engineering,Yangling Vocational&Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Animal Husbandry Industry Test&Demonstration Center,Jingyang,Shaanxi 713702,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院动物工程分院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌7121000 [3]陕西省畜牧产业试验示范中心,陕西泾阳713702

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第8期30-35,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(16NY-108);陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2020-YL-16);陕西省重点研发(2018ZDXM-NY-041);杨凌示范区产学研用协同创新重大项目(1017cxy-15)。

摘　　要：为了探索与家兔毛质性状有关的遗传标记,为家兔分子选育提供理论依据,该研究采用PCR直接测序法,对伊拉肉兔和美系獭兔FGF5基因的外显子Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的序列进行分析,结果表明:(1)FGF5基因外显子Ⅰ和Ⅲ均存在多态性,FGF5外显子Ⅱ不存在多态性;(2)FGF5基因外显子Ⅰ的A位点存在AGA插入突变(反向测序),有A_(1)A_(1)(突变型)、A_(1)A_(2)和A_(2)A_(2)(野生型)3种基因型,其中A_(1)A_(1)为美系獭兔的优势基因型,A_(2)A_(2)为伊拉肉兔的优势基因型;(3)FGF5基因外显子Ⅲ的B位点存在G-C突变,有B_(1)B_(1)(野生型)和B_(1)B_(2)2种基因型,且B_(1)B_(1)为这两种家兔的优势基因型;(4)应用适合性检验FGF5基因外显子ⅠA位点和外显子ⅢB位点基因型频率,发现只有伊拉肉兔群体中外显子ⅠA位点的基因型分布不符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P<0.05),而外显子ⅠA位点基因型在美系獭兔群体中和外显子ⅢB位点基因型在这两种家兔群体中的分布均符合hardy-weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05);(5)在伊拉肉兔和美系獭兔外显子Ⅰ的A位点和伊拉肉兔外显子Ⅲ的B位点均存在中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5),美系獭兔外显子Ⅲ的B位点存在低度多态(PIC<0.25)。研究结果显示FGF5可作为影响家兔毛绒品质的候选基因,对繁育优良的皮用家兔品种具有重要意义。To explore genetic markers related to rabbit hair quality traits,and to provide theoretical basis for rabbit molecular breeding,the sequence of exon 1,2 and 3 of FGF5 gene in Ira meat rabbit and Amrican Rex rabbit was analyzed by PCR-direct sequencing in this study.The results showed(1)there were polymorphism in exon I and exon III of FGF5 gene,but not in exon II.(2)There was an insertion mutation of AGA(reverse sequencing)in locus A of exon1,and 3 genotypes,A_(1)A_(1)(mutant type),A_(1)A_(2)and A_(2)A_(2)(wild type),were observed,among which,A_(2)A_(2)genotype was the dominant gene for Ira meat rabbit,and A_(1)A_(1)genotype for American Rex.(3)There was a nucleotide mutation(G-C)in the location B of exon 3 of FGF5 gene,it revealed_(2)genotypes:B_(1)B_(1)(wild type)and B_(1)B_(2),and B_(1)B_(1)genotype was dominant in both rabbit populations.(4)Fitness test on FGF5 gene exonⅠA locus and exonⅢB locus genotype frequency found that the genotype distribution of exonⅠA locus in the Yila rabbit population was the only one which does not meet the hardy-weinberg equilibrium law(P<0.05),while the distribution of genotype at exonⅠA locus in the American Rex rabbit population and the genotype at exonⅢB locus in these two rabbit populations conform to the hardy-weinberg equilibrium law(P>0.05)(5)loci A of exon 1and loci B of exon III had moderate polymorphism(0.25<PIC<0.5)in both of the rabbits,while loci B of exon III had low polymorphism(PIC<0.25)in Amercian Rex rabbit.The results demonstrated that FGF5 could be used as a candidate gene for the fur quality regulation of rabbits,which is of great significance for the breeding selection of excellent fur producing rabbits.

关 键 词：伊拉肉兔 美系獭兔 FGF5基因 多态性 

分 类 号：S829.12[农业科学—畜牧学]