壁虎与石龙子的本草考证  

Textual Research on Gecko and Skink

作　　者：童东昌 朱文豪 宁迪敏 刘利娟[2] 田雪飞[1] TONG Dong-chang;ZHU Wen-hao;NING Di-min;LIU Li-juan;TIAN Xue-fei(Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学,长沙410208 [2]湖南中医药大学第一附属医院,长沙410007

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2021年第18期144-151,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82074450)。

摘　　要：壁虎和石龙子药用历史悠久,但长期以来两者常混为一谈,而现代对两者的研究主要集中在临床观察、有效成分及抗癌机制等方面,鲜见文献研究。该文在系统查阅壁虎和石龙子古今文献的基础上,通过分析历代本草方书中的相关内容,对两者的名称、基原、功效主治、炮制方法及用药禁忌进行全面考证。通过考证发现,在先秦,壁虎与石龙子被当作同一物,至汉代则知两者为不同的动物,到三国时期两者又被混淆,直至明代《本草纲目》才明确两者的关系。在基原上,石龙子的基原包括蜥蜴科丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus,山地麻蜥E.brenchleyi及石龙子科中国石龙子Eumeses chinensis。壁虎的基原包括多疣壁虎Gekko japonicus,铅山壁虎G. hokouensis,无蹼壁虎G. swinhonis及蹼趾壁虎G. subpalmatus。功效主治方面,历代本草记载石龙子的主要功效为利水,壁虎的主要功效为祛风、化瘀。在炮制上壁虎与石龙子有多种炮制方法,但主要以传统"火制法"为主。关于用药禁忌,古籍文献记载石龙子恶硫黄、芜荑、斑蝥,孕妇忌用;壁虎慎用于血虚气弱之人。该文的考证结果厘清了壁虎和石龙子从名称、功效主治到炮制等多方面的历史沿革,为壁虎及石龙子的正本清源及进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。Gecko and Skink have a long history of medicinal use and they are often confused. The modern research mainly focuses on their clinical efficacy,effective ingredients,and anti-cancer mechanisms,and there are few literature-based studies. The paper summarized the names,origins,efficacy,indications,processing methods and contraindications of Gecko and Skink in ancient and modern literature. It was found that Gecko and Skink were regarded as the same animal in the pre-Qin period but two different animals during the Han dynasty. However,they were confused again in the Three Kingdoms period. It was not until the Ming dynasty that they were distinguished from each other in Bencao Gangmu(《本草纲目》). The origins of Skink included Eremias argus Peters,E. brenchleyi Günther and Eumeces chinensis(Gray),while those of Gecko mainly included G. japonicus(Dumeril et Bibron),G. hokouensis Pope,G. swinhonis Güenther and G.subpalmatus Güenther. In terms of efficacy and indications, Skink was mostly responsible for promoting urination,and Gecko for expelling wind and resolving stasis. Among multiple processing methods for Gecko and Skink,the traditional "fire method" was most preferred. As for contraindications,Skink shall not be used together with sulfur,fructus ulmi and mylabris,and it was not applicable to pregnant patients. Gecko should be used with caution for people with blood and qi deficiency. This paper has sorted out the historical evolutions of Gecko and Skink in their names,efficacy,indications,and processing methods,all of which will serve as the basis for further development and clinical utilization of Gecko and Skink.

关 键 词：壁虎 石龙子 本草考证 基原 功效主治 

分 类 号：R933/937[医药卫生—生药学] R289[医药卫生—药学]