基于张量投票的自动拆分断层方法  

Automatic fault separating method based on tensor voting

作　　者：刘旭明 LIU Xuming(Geophysical R&D Institute,COSL,Tianjin 300451,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司物探研究院,天津300451

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2021年第4期826-832,I0012,I0013,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：地质建模时手工拆分断层工作繁琐且十分耗时,而且断层拆分精度受主观因素制约,特别是在复杂断块区域,可能会造成错误的拆分结果。此外,由于不同工区的地质问题不同,解释精度要求也不一致,致使自动拆分断层难度极大。为此,提出了一种基于张量投票的自动拆分断层方法。该方法的核心是利用张量投票算法计算原始断层点集的方向信息,然后结合断层文件中的空间位置和断棱编号信息,融合现有地质认识,实现断层的自动拆分。具体流程为:(1)将所有散点编码,并以球张量的形式表现;(2)根据尺度参数计算所有散点的球张量场并进行张量投票;(3)对投票后的张量场进行特征值分解,得到所有散点的法向量,进而计算所有散点的瞬时倾角和瞬时倾向;(4)根据断层点集的方向信息和空间位置信息初步拆分断层;(5)在初步拆分基础上融合地质认识精细拆分断层。模拟数据和实际数据应用表明,基于张量投票的自动拆分断层方法可极大提高断层拆分命名的工作效率和拆分精度。In geological modeling,manual fault separating is cumbersome and time-consuming,and the accuracy of fault separating is restricted by subjective factors.Especially in complex fault blocks,wrong separating results may be induced.In addition,due to different geological problems in different work areas,the interpretation accuracy requirements are also inconsistent,making it extremely difficult to automatically separate faults.In this paper,we propose a method to separate faults automatically based on tensor voting.The direction information about the original fault point set is calculated with the tensor voting algorithm.Then,according to the current geological knowledge,the spatial location and fault stick number in the fault files are employed to realize automatic fault separating.The specific process is as follows:(1)All the scattered points are encoded and displayed as ball tensors;(2)the tensor fields of all the scattered points are calculated according to the scale parameters and then tensor voting is performed;(3)the eigenvalues of the tensor fields after voting are decomposed to obtain the normal vectors of all the scattered points,and then the instantaneous angle inclination and direction are calculated;(4)the faults are preliminarily separated according to the direction and spatial location information of the fault point set;(5)the faults are finely separated in combination with the geological knowledge.Simulation and actual data demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of fault separating.

关 键 词：张量投票 断层点集 自动拆分断层 断棱 产状 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]