统筹对外资开放和国家经济安全:国际经验与中国路径  

Ensure both Opening to Foreign Investment and National Economic Security:International Experience and China's Path

作　　者：马相东[1] 杨丽花[2] MA Xiang-dong;YANG Li-hua(Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,The Party School of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee,Beijing 100044,China;Business School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中共北京市委党校中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心,北京市100044 [2]中国政法大学商学院,北京市100088

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2021年第9期62-73,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“对外直接投资对北京产业结构升级的影响效应与发展对策研究”(15JGB129)。

摘　　要：我国对外资开放40多年,历经“地域扩大和产业差异化引入—加速推进和调整优化—负面清单持续缩减”三大阶段,已经成为全球对外资开放程度最高的国家之一。越是开放越要重视安全,“十四五”时期乃至到2035年,统筹好对外资开放和国家经济安全,对我国经济行稳致远至关重要。对外资市场准入进行适当限制,统筹对外资开放和国家经济安全,也是国际通行做法。2017年以来,美国、日本、德国等世界主要经济体大多通过国家安全审查、反垄断审查和特定行业市场准入限制等三种形式对外资进行适当限制,以确保国家经济安全。下一步,我国有必要对外资开放政策进行适当调整和优化。未来,我国统筹对外资开放和国家经济安全的总原则和基本思路,是既要让对外资的国家安全审查、反垄断审查和适当限制契合更高水平对外开放方略、公平竞争新理念、国际高标准贸易和投资规则新要求,也要避免安全审查和反垄断审查泛化、避免适当限制成为不当限制和过度限制。具体路径,可借鉴国际经验,基于我国国情,构建以健全对外资的国家安全审查制度为主体、以推动对外资的反垄断规范化和谨慎放宽特定行业的外资市场准入为两翼的“一体两翼”开放安全保障体系。China has become one of the countries with the highest degree of opening to foreign investment in the world after its opening to foreign investment having gone through three stages from geographic expanding and introducing of industrial differentiation to accelerated promoting and optimizing to continuing to shrink the negative lists since 1978.The more we open up,the more we should pay attention to security.During the 14th Five Year Plan period and even by 2035,it is very important to ensure both opening up to foreign investment and national economic security for the stability and long-term development of China's economy.It is also a common international phenomenon and practice to carry out security review and appropriate restrictions on foreign investment and ensure both opening up to foreign investment and national economic security.Since 2017,the main economies such as the United States,Japan and Germany has restricted foreign investment by three forms,namely national security review,antitrust review and specific industry access restriction,to ensure national economic security.In the next step,it is necessary for China to appropriately adjust and optimize its foreign investment opening-up policy.In the future,the general principle and basic way of thinking for China to ensure both opening to foreign investment and national economic security is to not only match the national security review,antitrust review and appropriate restriction with the higher-level opening up strategies,the new concept of fair competition,international trade with higher standard,and the new requirement on investment rules,but also avoid the problems of generalized security review and antitrust review and the inappropriate or undue restrictions.Specifically speaking,based on learning from international experiences and China’s current situation,we should build an open security guarantee system with"one body and two wings",namely taking improving the national security review system for foreign investment as the main body,and promoting t

关 键 词：对外资开放 经济安全 国家安全审查 反垄断审查 特定行业准入 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易]