基于改进SWAT模型的多水源灌区节水潜力尺度效应  

Scale effect of water-saving potential in multi-source irrigation systems based on modified SWAT model

作　　者：吴迪 崔远来[2] 黄文波 龚兰强 范国福 安莉娜 李大成 余乾安 Wu Di;Cui Yuanlai;Huang Wenbo;Gong Lanqiang;Fan Guofu;An Lina;Li Dacheng;Yu Qian’an(Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,China;State Key laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳550081 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第12期82-90,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会—中华人民共和国水利部—中国长江三峡集团有限公司—长江水科学研究联合基金项目资助(U2040213)。

摘　　要：灌溉节水潜力是指导和评价灌区节水改造的重要参数,其分析需要考虑尺度效应。该研究以湖北漳河灌区杨树垱流域为背景,采用改进SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型构建灌区分布式水文模型,并利用实测径流、蒸发蒸腾量及灌溉用水量校正及验证模型。以子流域嵌套方式将研究区划分为6个尺度,基于现状情景,设置增加塘堰汇流面积、提高渠系水利用系数及采用水稻节水灌溉模式3种节水情景。基于改进SWAT模型不同情景的模拟结果,定义并计算分析不同节水情景下传统的及考虑回归水重复利用的2种节水潜力及其随尺度变化规律。结果表明,改进SWAT模型具有良好的模拟效果(R^(2)>0.80,纳什效果系数大于0.80)。在增加塘堰汇流面积情景下,由于不同尺度塘堰供水比例的变化,2种节水潜力均随着尺度的增大呈现先增加再降低继而趋于稳定的规律;在提高渠系水利用系数情景下,由于漳河水库在不同尺度的供水比例的变化,2种节水潜力均随尺度增大逐渐降低并趋于稳定;在水稻节水灌溉模式情景下,由于不同尺度水稻节水灌溉面积占比的变化,2种节水潜力均随尺度增大呈现先减小再增大继而趋于稳定的规律。3种节水情景下的2种节水潜力的大小关系,主要由节水措施实施前后不同尺度灌溉用水量变化及灌溉回归水重复利用量变化共同决定。研究可为灌区水管理及节水改造工程布局提供决策依据和指导方向。Agricultural water accounts for more than 60%of the total water consumption in China.Among them,crops irrigation accounts for about 90%of the total agricultural water consumption.Therefore,it is highly demanding to transform the water management in modern irrigation systems.Alternatively,water-saving transformation can be utilized to save irrigation water,where the Water-saving Potential(WSP)is a key parameter to evaluate the performance of system.It is also necessary to consider the scale effect of parameters.Taking the Yang-shu-dang(YSD)watershed in Zhanghe Irrigation System in Hubei Province of China as the study area,a distributed hydrological model was established in this study using the modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).Some datasets were collected to validate the model,including the daily discharge at the outlet of YSD watershed in 2005-2009 and 2016-2017,the daily evapotranspiration in the typical experimental fields in 2007-2008 and 2016-2017,the irrigation water consumptions from the local water source(drainage channels and ponds)and the Zhanghe Reservoir in 2005-2008,and the irrigation amount in the typical experimental field in 2016-2017.The simulation performance of model was also assessed using the Relative Errors(RE),the coefficients of determination(R^(2)),and the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficients(NSE).The results showed that the modified SWAT model presented an excellent performance to simulate the hydrological processes and irrigation water consumptions in a multi-source system.For example,the NSE of daily discharge reached 0.81 in the calibration period,whereas,that of daily evapotranspiration reached 0.90,and the RE of irrigation water consumption was only 2.75%.Moreover,the sub-basins nesting was used to divide the study area into six size scales.Three water-saving scenarios were set for the study area,namely the increased drainage area of ponds,the increased water utilization coefficient of canal system,and the rice water-saving irrigation.The traditional and new WSPs were

关 键 词：灌溉 水源 改进SWAT模型 节水潜力 尺度效应 回归水重复利用 

分 类 号：TU991.64[建筑科学—市政工程]