无膜棉花产量及其根区温湿盐对灌溉量的响应  

Yield of non-film cotton and the response of temperature,humidity and salt in the root zone to irrigation

作　　者：李军宏 王军 李楠楠 郝先哲 时晓娟 田雨 石峰 罗宏海[1] 杨国正[3] Li Junhong;Wang Jun;Li Nannan;Hao Xianzhe;Shi Xiaojuan;Tian Yu;Shi Feng;Luo Honghai;Yang Guozheng(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,832003 China;Shihezi Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,832003 China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,石河子832003 [2]农业农村部作物高效用水石河子实验观测站,石河子832003 [3]华中农业大学植物科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第12期134-143,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760355);新疆兵团中青年领军人才(2017CB005)。

摘　　要：为揭示无膜棉花产量及其根区温湿盐对深层、夜间灌溉量的响应机制,在等行距密植(26株/m^(2))条件下,以早熟品种‘新陆早74号’为试材,设置5个灌水量处理(W1,2649 m^(3)/hm^(2);W2,2925 m^(3)/hm^(2);W3,3201 m^(3)/hm^(2);W4,3477 m^(3)/hm^(2);W5,3753 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究了棉花产量形成及根区水分、温度和盐分浓度变化规律。结果表明:棉花籽棉产量2020年较2019年增加45.6%~65.5%(P<0.05),其中W4处理较高,较其他处理增加4.1%~10.3%(P<0.05)。土壤含水率盛花期前W5>W4>W3>W2>W1,盛铃期后处理间无差异,但较盛花期前降低21.2%~35.0%(P<0.05)。土壤电导率W3处理0~30 cm土层较其他处理高6.4%~19.4%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,籽棉产量与土壤0~10 cm土层电导率显著正相关(P<0.05)、与pH值显著负相关(P<0.05)、与土壤>10~20 cm土层电导率和花期土壤含水率显著正相关(P<0.05)、与盛铃后期温度和pH值显著负相关(P<0.05)。因此,无膜高密度深层、夜间滴灌条件下,灌水量为3477 m^(3)/hm^(2)可营造适宜棉花生长的根区(尤其是>10~20 cm土层)温度以及盐分环境,从而获得较高棉花产量。Plastic-film pollution is the limiting factor for the efficient and sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang in western China.This study aims to explore the mechanism of non-film cotton,moisture,temperature and salt concentration in the root zone under the deep and night irrigation for the future cotton production.An experiment was carried out at the Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Water Efficient Water Use(Shihezi)(45°38′N,86°09′E)of the Ministry of Agriculture from 2019 to 2020.The total amount of precipitation during the cotton growth period in 2019 was higher than that in 2020.The daily average maximum and minimum temperatures were both lower than that in 2020.Under the condition of equal row spacing and high density planting(26 plants/m^(2)),the early-maturing land cotton variety‘Xinluzao 74’was used as a test material(the growth period was 120 d).5 irrigation water treatments(W1,2649 m^(3)/hm^(2);W2,2925 m^(3)/hm^(2);W3,3201 m^(3)/hm^(2);W4,3477 m^(3)/hm^(2);W5,3753 m^(3)/hm^(2))were set up(Among them,W1-3 treatment was the average drip volume of underground drip irrigation,and W4-5 treatment was the average drip volume of field film mulching water-saving drip irrigation).Some parameters were evaluated,including the formation of cotton yield,and the change of moisture,temperature and salt concentration in the root zones.The results showed that the seed cotton yield in 2020 increased by 45.6%-65.5%,compared with 2019(P<0.05).W4 treatment was higher with 4.1%-10.3%increment,compared with other treatments(P<0.05).The total number of bolls per unit area and the weight of a single boll increased by 4.2%-11.4%and 2.2%-4.1%in W4 treatment,compared with other treatments(P<0.05).Soil water content was ranked in order of W5(W4,W3,W2)before the full flowering period>W1.There was no significant difference between the treatments after the full flowering period,but 21.2%-35.0%lower than that before the full flowering period(P<0.05).The soil temperature of W4 treatment was 0.4%-1.3%a

关 键 词：土壤 灌溉 地下滴灌 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S274.1