急性输血常见不良反应及对输血效果的影响  

The Common Adverse Reactions of Acute Blood Transfusion and Its Effect on Blood Transfusion

作　　者：李梅 吴晶晶 李三中 LI Mei;WU Jingjing;LI Sanzhong(Department of Physical Examination and Blood Couection,Xinyang Central Blood Station,Xinyang 464000,China;Department of Gynecology,Xinyang Central Hospital,Xinyang 464000,China;Department of Laboratory,Xinyang Central Hospital,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市中心血站体采科,河南信阳464000 [2]信阳市中心医院妇科,河南信阳464000 [3]信阳市中心医院检验科,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2021年第24期4457-4460,共4页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的探讨急性输血的常见不良反应及表现特征,分析其对输血效果的影响。方法回顾性分析信阳市中心医院2020年的输血不良反应回报单,记录急性输血不良反应发生率、不良反应类型与患者表现特征,并对输血效果进行综合评价。结果2020年信阳市中心医院输血人数为10392人次,共计输血不良反应74例(0.71%)。其中,变态反应49例(0.47%)、非溶血性发热性输血反应19例(0.18%)、输血相关呼吸困难4例(0.04%)、输血相关循环超负荷与迟发性溶血性输血反应各1例(0.01%),输入血浆时不良反应发生率最高,为1.26%(43/3406)。输血不良反应中以变态反应与非溶血性发热性输血反应最为常见,其中,变态反应在输血结束时发生率最高,为38.78%(19/49);非溶血性发热性输血反应在输血15 min后至输血结束前发生率最高(输血后15 min~1 h与>1 h发生率均为26.32%),多数患者均无需进行处理,少数患者需要接受药物处理,多数患者均未预防用药。根据血液制品输注有效标准评定输血不良反应患者输血效果可知,25例红细胞输注患者输注有效率为56.00%(14/25),6例血小板输注患者输注有效率为66.67%(4/6),43例血浆输注患者输注有效率为41.86%(18/43)。结论信阳市中心医院2020年输血患者输血不良反应主要为变态反应与非溶血性发热性输血反应,输血不良反应会对患者的输血效果产生一定影响,医护人员需要警惕输血不良反应,做好必要的预防措施。Objective To investigate the common adverse reactions and characteristics of acute blood transfusion,and to analyze its influence on the effect of blood transfusion.Methods The return list of adverse transfusion reactions from Xinyang Central Hospital in 2020 was retrospectively analyzed,the incidence rate,types and characteristics of acute adverse transfusion reactions were recorded,and the effect of blood transfusion was comprehensively evaluated.Results In 2020,the number of blood transfusions in Xinyang Central Hospital was 10392,with a total of 74 cases(0.71%)of transfusion adverse reactions.Among them,49 cases(0.47%)had allergic reaction,19 cases(0.18%)had non hemolytic febrile transfusion reaction,4 cases(0.04%)had transfusion related dyspnea,1 case(0.01%)had transfusion related circulatory overload and 1 case(0.01%)had delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction.The incidence of adverse reaction was the highest when plasma was injected,which was 1.26%(43/3406).Anaphylaxis and non hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions were the most common adverse reactions.The incidence of anaphylaxis was the highest at the end of transfusion,which was 38.78%(19/49).The incidence of non hemolytic febrile transfusion reaction was the highest from 15 min after blood transfusion to the end of blood transfusion(the incidence of 15 min-1 h and>1 h after blood transfusion were 26.32%).Most patients did not need treatment,a few patients needed drug treatment,and most patients did not use prophylactic drugs.According to the effective standard of blood products transfusion,the effective rate of 25 patients with red blood cell transfusion was 56.00%(14/25),6 patients with platelet transfusion was 66.67%(4/6),and 43 patients with plasma transfusion was 41.86%(18/43).Conclusion The main adverse reactions of blood transfusion patients in Xinyang Central Hospital in 2020 are allergic reaction and non hemolytic febrile blood transfusion reaction.The adverse reactions of blood transfusion will have a certain impact on the blood transfusion e

关 键 词：输血 不良反应 变态反应 非溶血性发热性输血反应 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]