时空合适性评价构式“X P得(不)是Y”  

An Investigation on“X Pde(得)(bù(不))shì(是)Y”as a Construction for Evaluation on Temporal/Spatial Appropriateness

作　　者：张爱玲 Zhang Ailing

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,221116

出　　处：《汉语学报》2021年第3期31-38,共8页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：江西省社会科学青年基金项目“现代汉语构式义浮现的动因与机制研究”(编号:16YY15)的资助;。

摘　　要：现代汉语中"X P得(不)是Y"是对事件发生时间、空间等的合适性做出主观评价的构式。该构式在形成过程中经历了填项P的形式类扩展[即:动词>形容词(>名词)]和Y的意义类收缩[即:(地方、时候、颜色、款式等)>(地方、时候)]。这导致整个结构因语义结构和句法结构越来越不对齐而演变为狭义构式。构式化之后,整体对组成成分有语义强迫现象。该构式中不同类型的Y在演变高级阶段可能会经历语义对立中和,"得"有形变为"的"的倾向。构式中的"P得"在构式实际使用中有时可以实现句法隐含。"X P de(得)(bù(不))shi(是)Y"(S1)in Mandarin is a construction for evaluation on temporal/spatial appropriateness of an event.In the process of constructionalization,it has undergone P’s form-class expansion[i.e.,verb>adjective(>noun)]and Y’s meaning-class condense[i.e.(place,time,color,style,etc.)>(place,time)].As a result,the semantic structure of S1 is becoming more and more misaligned with its syntactic structures,which turns an ordinary syntactic structure into a construction proper.After that,the meaning of S1 has coercion on the semantic interpretation of components.At the advanced stage of constructionalization of S1,the semantic contrast between different types of Y may be neutralized,and"de(得)"tends to become"de(的)"."P de(得)"in S1 can be omitted in practical communication sometimes.

关 键 词：句法结构 语义结构 范畴扩展 构式化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]