死刑复核程序的模式选择——以指定辩护写入《法律援助法(草案)》为契机  

The Mode Choice of Death Penalty Review Procedure in China--The Legal Aid Law(Draft)Could Be an Opportunity for Appointed Defense

作　　者：翟薇 Zhai Wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第8期68-75,共8页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：研究阐释党的第十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20ZDA032)。

摘　　要：从我国关于死刑复核程序的法律规定和实践样态来看,该程序具有启动的主动性、审理的封闭性、裁定生成的效率性等特点,可称为行政性审批模式。随着《法律援助法(草案)》将指定辩护扩大到死刑复核程序中,一直有人主张的死刑复核程序以实行控辩双方积极参与、审判中立、庭审实质化为特点的诉讼审理模式似乎将顺理成章地取代行政性审批模式。实则不然,诉讼审理模式不仅与司法现状抵牾,更面临改革成效与成本方面的质疑。鉴于这两种模式都未能协调程序公正与实体公正之间、诉讼公正与诉讼效率之间的关系,应通过渐进式改革思路,形成听证程序与准诉讼审理程序相结合的死刑复核程序新模式。该模式的核心在于死刑复核坚持全面审理、重点审查的原则,形成对被告人不上诉或仅就法律问题提出上诉而展开的听证程序与被告人就事实问题或重大量刑情节提出上诉而启动的准诉讼程序。该模式的稳妥推进需要诉讼观念扭转、法律制度微调、机构改革等多重支持。From the legal provisions and practice of China′s death penalty review procedure,the procedure is characterized by the initiative of initiation,closure of trial and efficiency of ruling generation and so on,which can be called the administrative approval model.As the Legal Aid Law(Draft)expands the designated defense to the death penalty review procedure,it seems that the litigation trial mode of the death penalty review procedure,which has been advocated by some people,is characterized by the active participation of the prosecution and the defense,the neutrality of the trial and the substantiation of the court trial,will naturally replace the administrative examination and approval mode.In fact,the Litigation Trial Mode not only contradicts the current judicial situation,but also faces doubts about the effectiveness and cost of the reform.In view of the failure of these two modes to coordinate the relationship between procedural justice and substantive justice,litigation justice and litigation efficiency,a new mode of death penalty review procedure combining hearing procedure and quasi litigation procedure should be formed through the idea of gradual reform.The core of this model is that the death penalty review adheres to the principle of comprehensive trial and key review,and forms a hearing procedure for the defendant not to appeal or only appeal on legal issues and a quasi litigation procedure for the defendant to appeal on factual issues or major sentencing circumstances.The steady promotion of this model needs multiple supports,such as the reversal of litigation concept,the fine-tuning of legal system,and institutional reform.

关 键 词：行政性审批模式 诉讼审理模式 听证程序 准诉讼审理程序 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]