航天器着陆缓冲技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Landing Buffer Technology of Spacecraft

作　　者：王永滨[1,2,3] 武士轻 蒋万松[1,2] 竺梅芳 王立武[1,2,4] 黄伟 WANG Yong-bin;WU Shi-qing;JIANG Wan-song;ZHU Mei-fang;WANG Li-wu;HUANG Wei(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, Beijing 100094, China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry, Descent and Landing Technology, CASC, Beijing 100094, China;College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天进入减速与着陆技术实验室,北京100094 [3]南京航空航天大学航天学院,南京210016 [4]东南大学土木工程学院,南京211189

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第24期10118-10126,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51505028);载人航天领域预第四批先研究项目(040202)。

摘　　要：航天器着陆缓冲是所有需要着陆的航天器完成整个飞行程序的最后一个环节,该技术最终实现航天器的无损着陆,是后续载人和深空探测的重要关键技术之一,其工作结果往往会影响整个任务的成败。该技术的核心内涵是冲击过程中,航天器通过气、液、固等多种形式的介质的形变,吸收着陆冲击过程中的能量,使被缓冲目标的过载值满足目标值要求。基于能量传递过程,围绕航天器自身主动吸能以及冲击介质能量吸收两个维度对能量传递路径进行了分析,给出了主动吸能阶段设计的原则。结合典型航天器缓冲吸能设计的应用进行了分析,给出了各类缓冲吸能设计的准则。最后围绕航天器着陆缓冲技术内涵,对该技术的关键技术进行了梳理,围绕后续该技术在航天任务中的应用进行了展望。The spacecraft landing buffer is the last link in completing the entire flight procedure which is necessary for all spacecraft that need to land.Through the technology spacecraft not only can eventually achieve nondestructive landing,but also this technique whose result always effects the success or failure of the whole mission is one of the most important skills for subsequent manned and deep space exploration.The key section of this technology is to absorb energy during the impact of the spacecraft landing,ultimately make the overload value of the buffer target meet the target value requirements by gas,liquid,solid and so on deformations of various forms of medium in spacecraft.Based on energy transfer process,the delivery path of energy was analyzed from spacecraft itself actively absorbs energy and impact medium energy absorption two dimensions.And then the design principles about actively absorbing energy stage were got.Combined with typical spacecraft application analysis of buffering energy absorption design and the design guidelines of all kinds of buffering energy absorbing devices were given.At last,focusing on the connotation of spacecraft landing buffer technique,the key technologies of this technique were sorted out and the application of this technique in space missions was prospected.

关 键 词：航天器 着陆 缓冲 冲击 吸能 

分 类 号：V417[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]