轨道交通车辆齿轮油中的磨损颗粒分析  

Analysis on Wear Particles in Gear Oils of Rail Transit Vehicles

作　　者：杨洪滨 Yang Hongbin(Institute of Metals and Chemistry,CARS,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《合成润滑材料》2021年第3期16-21,共6页Synthetic Lubricants

摘　　要：轨道交通车辆齿轮箱具有速度高、冲击载荷大、工作温度范围宽等特点,因润滑故障而导致的摩擦、磨损、油温过高及轴承失效等故障已成为车辆运行中的典型故障模式。齿轮箱运转产生的金属磨损颗粒会加剧磨损,造成齿面擦伤及轴承异常等,同时磨损颗粒会吸附添加剂,催化齿轮油氧化,加速齿轮油衰变,缩短齿轮油的使用寿命,直接影响到齿轮箱的使用寿命与安全。为了研究齿轮油中磨粒对齿轮箱的影响,用原子发射光谱,铁谱及自动磨粒分析等方法对4列轨道交通车辆齿轮油的磨粒组成,含量,形貌及尺寸进行了跟踪分析。在一个试验周期(~200 Mm)内,齿轮油中的主要磨损颗粒为铁屑及铜屑,以4μm~6μm的正常磨损颗粒为主。试验过程中齿轮油的100℃运动黏度变化率在正常范围内,但酸值增加值超过限值(1.0 mg/g,达到了GL-5车辆齿轮油的换油指标),齿轮和轴承发生了一定程度的疲劳磨损。研究齿轮油中磨粒的生成趋势及齿轮的磨损状态,可为车辆齿轮箱的检修和齿轮油的更换提供依据。The gearbox of rail transit vehicles had the characteristics of high speed,large impact load and wide working temperature range.There were typical failure models in vehicle operation of friction,wear,high oil temperature and bearing failure caused by lubrication failure.The metal wear particles produced by the operation of the gearbox would aggravate the wear,and resulte in tooth surface abrasion and abnormal bearing.At the same time,wear particles would absorb additives,catalyze the oxidation of gear oil,accelerate the decay of gear oils,short the service life of gear oils,and directly affect the service life and safety of gear box.In order to study the influence of wear particles in gear oils on gearbox,the composition,content,morphology and size of wear particles in gear oils of four rail transit vehicles were analyzed by means of atomic emission spectrometry,Ferrography and automatic wear particle analysis.In a test cycle(~200 Mm),the main wear particles in the gear oils were iron and copper chips with 4μm~6μm normal wear particles.During the test,the change rate of kinematic viscosity of gear oils at 100℃was within the normal range,but the increase number of acid number exceeded the limit value(1.0 mg/g,which reached the oil change index of GL-5 vehicle gear oils),and there was a certain degree of fatigue wear in gear and bearing.The research on the generation trend of wear particles in gear oils and the wear state of gear could provide the basis for the maintenance of vehicle gearbox and the replacement of gear oils.

关 键 词：磨粒组成 磨粒含量 磨粒形貌 磨粒尺寸 

分 类 号：TE626.31[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]