美国及西方制裁背景下的俄罗斯国防工业进口替代战略  

Import Substitution Strategy of Russian Defense Industry under the Background of U.S.and Western Sanctions

作　　者：李抒音[1] 董媛琪 Li Shuyin;Dong Yuanqi

机构地区：[1]军事科学院战争研究院外国军事研究所 [2]军事科学院研究生院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2021年第4期50-65,163,共17页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“新时代中美俄大三角关系研究”(19AGJ004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自2014年克里米亚事件以来,美国及西方对俄罗斯国防工业、能源等重点领域实施制裁。美国及西方制裁施压和乌克兰断供军品对俄罗斯国防工业的生产能力和发展潜力造成严重打击。俄罗斯基于传统的国防工业体系,以建立健全领导管理体制为牵引,以提供资金支持为保障,以创新激励机制为手段,大力推行国防工业进口替代战略。国防工业进口替代战略作为国家进口替代战略的重要组成部分,是俄罗斯安全战略的重要内容,是自上而下改善经济结构长期规划与对冲制裁危机短期策略的有机统一,为俄罗斯克服军品进口依赖,实现国防工业完全自主,保障国家安全奠定了坚实基础。本文从俄罗斯出台国防工业进口替代战略的背景着手,探讨俄罗斯推行该战略的经验做法,分析该战略实施以来所达到的效果,总结该战略的主要特点。Since the Crimea crisis in 2014,the United States and Western countries have imposedsanctions on Russia’s defense industry,energy and other key areas.Sanctions from the United States and the West and the cut-off of military supplies from Ukraine have dealt a serious blow to Russia’s defense industry.Based on the traditional defense industry system,Russia has established and improved the leadership and management system,provided financial support,reformed incentive mechanism,and vigorously promoted the import substitution strategy of defense industry.As an important part of the national import substitution strategy,the import substitution strategy of defense industry is an important part of Russia’s security strategy.It is the organic unity of the top-down long-term plan to improve the economic structure and the short-term strategy to hedge the sanctions crisis.It has laid a solid foundation for Russia to overcome the dependence on military imports,realize the complete autonomy of defense industry and ensure national security.Starting from the background of Russia’s import substitution strategy for defense industry,this paper discusses Russia’s experience in implementing the strategy,analyzes the effect of the strategy in the past seven years,and summarizes the main characteristics of the strategy.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 经济制裁 国防工业 进口替代战略 

分 类 号：F416.48[经济管理—产业经济] F755.12[军事—军事理论] E512