前交叉韧带解剖学研究进展  

Research advances in the anatomy of anterior cruciate ligament

作　　者：李光磊 王宝鹏 张汉宽 段强民 张平 路世勇 王冠 张冰 吕新凯 LI Guang-lei;WANG Bao-peng;ZHANG Han-kuan;DU AN Qiang-min;ZHANG-Ping;LU Shi-yong;WANG Guan;ZHANG Bing;LV Xin-kai(The First Department of Orthopedics,Zibo Municipal Hospital,Zibo 255400,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博市市立医院骨一科,山东淄博255400

出　　处：《中国矫形外科杂志》2021年第16期1491-1495,共5页Orthopedic Journal of China

摘　　要：前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)是膝关节运动学和生物力学的重要结构,主要约束和限制胫骨前移,对外翻和内翻应力也有一定作用,除此之外,它还限制了胫骨平台向内旋转。前交叉韧带存在2个功能束且目前争议不大,即前内侧束(anteromedial bundle, AM)及后外侧束(posterolateral bundle, PL)。然而,ACL正常解剖止点究竟在哪里、ACL损伤后需要重建几束等问题,还存在不少争议,由于测量方式及研究对象的不同,研究者测得数据差距较大。但无论在重建ACL时如何定位,使用单束还是双束重建,都取决于外科医生对ACL解剖和功能关系的认识。本文将回顾前交叉韧带的神经、血管、外科标志、解剖特点,为外科医师在前交叉韧带重建手术中使用标志物确定股骨侧及胫骨侧止点提供解剖学依据。The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is an important structure in the kinematics and biomechanics of the knee. It is the main restraint structure of the tibial anterior displacement, secondary restraint of the valgus and varus stresses, additionally it also plays role in some extent to restrict tibial plateau inward rotation. There are two functional bundles in the anterior cruciate ligament, namely the anteromedial bundle(AM) and the posterolateral bundle(PL), which has become a consensus with little controversy remained. However,there are still many controversies about where the normal ACL anatomic insertion point is and how many bundles need to be reconstructed for ACL tear. Due to the difference in measurement methods and research objects, there are considerable variances in the results of anatomic measurement by different researchers. No matter how to position in ACL reconstruction, the single-bundle or double-bundles reconstruction used, the surgeon.s understanding of the relationship between ACL anatomy and function is critical in ACL reconstruction. This article will review the nerves and blood vessel supply, surgical landmarks, and anatomical characteristics of the ACL, to provide anatomical basis for the surgeon to determine the femoral and tibial insertion points in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

关 键 词：前交叉韧带 解剖学研究 股骨止点 胫骨止点 

分 类 号：R687[医药卫生—骨科学]