论《尚书》文体的类型及其生成  

On the Style Types and Generation of Shangshu

作　　者：夏德靠[1] XIA Dekao(School of Humanities,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2021年第7期83-93,共11页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承研究”(20&ZD265)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：有关《尚书》文体类型的认识及分类,历来存在不小的争议。其实,在此问题上,应该从三个层面加以认识:首先,就专书文体而言,《尚书》呈现记言的特征,但作为记言文献,《尚书》也存在记事的篇章。早期记言文献记言与记事并存乃是常态;其次,从《尚书》的篇章文体来看,大致有对话体、事语体,以及单纯记事篇章,这也是早期记言文献的常态;再次,《尚书》文体的特色在很大程度上还体现在篇名上,典、谟、训、诰、誓、命反复出现,这不是偶然的,因为它们均属于仪式文献,各自与特定的仪式有着紧密关联。作为礼制的外在表现,仪式具有可重复性,这种特性是造成典、谟、训、诰、誓、命这些文体反复出现在《尚书》中的根本原因。因此,只要紧紧抓住这三个层面,特别是“六体”的内涵,才能比较好地阐释《尚书》文体的生成及其类型。There have always been a lot of controversies about the understanding and classification of the stylistic types of Shangshu.In fact,this issue should be understood from three levels:first,as far as the style of a special book is concerned,Shangshu presents the feature of recording words,but as a recording document,there are also chapters of recording events in Shangshu.As a matter of fact,it is normal forthe coexistence of recording words as well as recording events in the early period.Secondly,from the perspective of the text style of Shangshu,there are generally dialogue style,event style and merely chronicle text,which is also normal of the early word-recording literature.Thirdly,to a great extent,the stylistic feature of Shangshu is also reflected in the title.And it is not accidental that the six styles of dian,mo,xun,gao,shi and ming appear repeatedly.They all belong to ritual documents,which are closely related to specific rituals.As the external expression of the ritual system,the ritual has its repeatability,which is the fundamental reason for the repeated appearance of such styles as dian,mo,xun,gao,shi and ming in Shangshu.Therefore,only by holding fast to these three levels,especially the connotation of six styles,can we better explain the generation and the style types of Shangshu.

关 键 词：《尚书》 专书文体 篇章文体 “六体” 

分 类 号：I222[文学—中国文学]