摩尼教“树”信仰及其哲学化二元论思想——以敦煌文献为中心  

The Philosophical Dualism of Manichean“Tree”Belief——Research Based on Dunhuang Manuscripts

作　　者：彭晓静[1,2] 杨富学[2] PENG Xiaojing;YANG Fuxue(Department of Humanities Research,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030;Dunhuang Research Academy,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部,甘肃兰州730030 [2]敦煌研究院敦煌文献研究所,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2021年第3期95-104,共10页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目《敦煌中外关系史料的整理与研究》(19ZDA198)。

摘　　要：敦煌文献《摩尼教残经》《摩尼光佛教法仪略》和《下部赞》中时常出现对"树"的描述,在摩尼教中,树充任重要象征和哲学符号。尤其是其中的"活树"和"死树",乃摩尼教用来表达贯穿其教义核心的光明与黑暗的二元论思想最贴切的象征,从而通过阐明光明与黑暗二元之间的斗争,来彰显中际时期世界明暗二宗之战的深化和继续,借由"扶明克暗"来体现人类自身的道德修养、心灵的善恶和修行的优劣。这不仅直接影响到人类自身明暗二性的强弱变化,亦将最终决定灵魂能否及早得救、复归光明天国。Trees are an important literary and philosophical symbol in the Manichaean documents of Dunhuang such as Fragmental Manuscripts of Manichaeism (宇 56, BD00256), Compendium of the Doctrines and Styles of the Teaching of Mani,the Buddha of Light(S.3969+P.3884) and Chinese Manichaean Hymn Scroll(S.2659, Or.8210). The "living tree" and "dead tree" are symbols used by Manichaeism to express the dualism of light and darkness, which is the core doctrine that runs through Manichaeism. Clarifying the struggle between the light and the dark reveals an important strain in the thought of the Middle Ages that saw the world as experiencing a deepening and continuation in the war between the two forces of light and darkness. The moral doctrine of Manichaeism also operated according to this dualism by claiming that the good and evil of the soul and the merits and demerits of spiritual practice are realized by "helping the bright and suppressing the dark". The struggle between light and darkness not only directly effects changes in the corresponding essences of human beings, but also determines whether an individual’s soul can be saved and allowed to return to heaven.

关 键 词：敦煌文献 摩尼教 琐罗亚斯德教、生命树 二元论 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]