滨海盐渍麦田施用微生物菌肥的降盐效果及冬小麦长势响应  

Microbial Fertilizers Application in Coastal Saline Wheat Field: The Salt-reducing Effectand the Growth Response of Winter Wheat

作　　者：王启尧 赵庚星 李涛 李建伟 潘登 涂强 Wang Qiyao;Zhao Gengxing;Li Tao;Li Jianwei;Pan Deng;Tu Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Tai'an Shandong 271018;Shandong Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Work Station,Jinan 250013;Shandong Yi'an Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Shandong University,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省土壤肥料工作总站,济南250013 [3]山东亿安生物工程有限公司,济南250014 [4]山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第24期60-66,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“黄三角濒海区土壤盐渍化的尺度特征、变异机制及预测预警”(41877003);山东省重大科技创新工程项目“盐碱地“根际微域改良”土壤修复菌剂开发应用”(2019JZZY010724);山东省“双一流”奖补资金“主要农作物田间自动监测与精准管理”(SYL2017XTTD02)。

摘　　要：本文旨在探究滨海盐渍麦田施用微生物菌肥的降盐效果及冬小麦长势响应。选择黄河三角洲滨海盐渍麦田,布设不同种类生物产品、不同用量微生物菌肥的小麦田间试验,采集土壤盐分、小麦株高、SPAD值、冠层NDVI和小麦产量数据,以各处理间的对比分析及方差分析方法,系统分析微生物菌肥对盐渍麦田的降盐效果及其冬小麦长势响应。结果表明:不同种类的生物产品处理均有一定降盐效果,表层和下层含盐量均有所下降,降幅在11.66%~33.89%之间,其中微生物菌肥的降盐效果最为明显。各处理小麦SPAD值增幅在22.78%~31.64%之间,NDVI值增幅27.18%~44.74%,产量增幅1.85%~20.49%,微生物菌肥处理效果最佳。微生物菌肥施用量小于7 kg/hm^(2)时,降盐效果随施用量增加而加大,冬小麦长势和产量提高明显,施用量超过7 kg/hm^(2)后则效果降低,最佳施用量为7 kg/hm^(2)。滨海盐渍麦田施用微生物菌肥有明显降盐效果,并对冬小麦的长势和产量有积极影响。This paper aims to explore the effects of microbial fertilizer application in coastal saline wheat field on reducing soil salt content and the growth response of winter wheat.Field experiments with different kinds of biological products and different amounts of microbial fertilizers were conducted in the coastal saline wheat field of the Yellow River Delta area.The data of soil salinity,wheat plant height,SPAD value,canopy NDVI and wheat yield were collected.The effects of microbial fertilizer on salt reduction and growth response of winter wheat were systematically analyzed by comparative analysis and variance analysis methods.The results showed that different kinds of biological product treatments had a certain salt reduction effect,and the salt contents of both the surface and the lower soil layers decreased with the range between 11.66%and 33.89%.The salt reduction effect of the microbial fertilizer was the most obvious.In each treatment,the increase of SPAD value of wheat was from 22.78%to 31.64%,the increase of NDVI value was 27.18%-44.74%,and the increase of wheat yield was 1.85%-20.49%.The effect of microbial fertilizer treatment was the best.When the application rate of microbial fertilizer was less than 7 kg/hm^(2),the salt-reducing effect increased with the increase of the application rate,and the growth and yield of winter wheat also increased significantly.While when the application rate exceeded 7 kg/hm^(2),the effect decreased,so the best application rate was 7 kg/hm^(2).Our results indicate that the application of microbial fertilizer in coastal saline wheat field has significant salt reduction effect and a positive impact on the growth and yield of winter wheat.

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 土壤含盐量 盐渍麦田 冬小麦长势 降盐效果 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]