有机肥不同量级对小麦产量和土壤培肥的影响  

Effects of Different Levels of Organic Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：韩宝 于跃跃[2] 朱文 徐凯 郭宁[2] Han Bao;Yu Yueyue;Zhu Wen;Xu Kai;Guo Ning(Fangshan Planting Technology Promotion Station of Beijing,Beijing 102412;Beijing Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区种植业技术推广站,北京102412 [2]北京市土肥工作站,北京100029

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第24期73-78,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“小麦玉米秸秆还田提升土壤有机质技术非二氧化碳温室气体减排量化评价关键技术研究”(2017YFF0211701-03)。

摘　　要：为研究有机肥不同量级对小麦产量和土壤培肥的影响,在北京房山区布置田间小区定位试验。试验设置空白对照(CK)、施用0.5倍有机肥(0.5 ON)、常规施肥等氮量的有机肥(ON)、施用1.5倍有机肥(1.5 ON)、施用2倍有机肥(2 ON)、施用3倍有机肥(3 ON)共6个处理。长期定位试验结果表明:施用3倍有机肥(3 ON)处理的小麦产量最高,3 ON处理在5年来小麦产量均处于较高水平,对每hm2小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重影响最大。施用有机肥明显提高土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾、微生物生物量等指标。所有施用有机肥的处理中以1.5 ON和3 ON处理对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量影响最为明显,施用不同量级的有机肥均会增加土壤的微生物碳和脲酶含量,1.5 ON处理对土壤脲酶影响最为显著,3 ON处理对土壤微生物碳影响最为显著,施用不同量级有机肥的处理均可以增加土壤0.01~0.05 mm粒径比例。该研究结果表明,3 ON处理是值得推广的小麦有机肥施用处理。To study the effects of different levels of organic fertilizer on wheat yield and soil fertility,a field plot experiment was conducted in Fangshan,Beijing.We set up 6 treatments,which were blank control(CK),application of 0.5 times organic fertilizer(0.5 ON),application of organic fertilizer with equal nitrogen amount of conventional fertilization(ON),application of 1.5 times organic fertilizer(1.5 ON),application of 2 times organic fertilizer(2 ON),and application of 3 times organic fertilizer(3 ON).Long-term positioning test results showed that the yield of wheat treated with 3 times organic fertilizer(3 ON)was the highest,and was at a relatively high level in the past 5 years,which had the greatest impact on the number of ears,grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight per hectare.The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and microbial biomass.Among all the treatments,the application of 1.5 ON and 3 ON had the most obvious effects on soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus.The application of different levels of organic fertilizer could increase the soil microbial carbon and urease content.The effect of 1.5 ON treatment on urease content was the most significant,the effect of 3 ON treatment on soil microbial carbon was the most significant,and the application of different levels of organic fertilizer could increase the ratio of 0.01-0.05 mm particle size.The study shows that 3 ON treatment is worth popularizing in wheat production.

关 键 词：有机肥 小麦产量 培肥土壤 微生物碳 不同量级 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]