船舶油污水水质水量特征及其原位处理技术  

Water Quality and Quantity Characteristics of Shipboard Oily Wastewater and its In-Situ Treatment Technology

作　　者：贺梦凡 黄翔峰[1] 刘婉琪 吴宝强 曹平 彭开铭[1] HE Mengfan;HUANG Xiangfeng;LIU Wanqi;WU Baoqiang;CAO Ping;PENG Kaiming(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Wuxi Local Maritime Safety Administration,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]无锡市地方海事局,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《船舶工程》2021年第6期114-122,142,共10页Ship Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51978490);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202003-02);上海市自然科学基金(20ZDR1461200)。

摘　　要：综述船舶油污水的来源、分类及水质水量特征,处理技术的研究进展,并分析船舶油污水原位处理技术、装备和工艺的发展趋势,发现船舶油污水水质复杂、波动范围大,乳化油是处理的难点;水量主要由船舶吨位决定,但也受诸多不确定性因素影响。传统的重力分离、粗粒化和过滤等油水分离技术对乳化油的处理能力有限,而电凝聚、磁破乳分离、膜分离和吸附技术具有较高的处理效能,并且一定程度上具有操作简便、分离快速、占地较小、能耗和运行成本低等特点,符合原位处理装备对技术的需求,但仍需在材料制备、装备研发、工程化应用方面重点攻关。原位处理工艺的构建应从船舶油污水的水质特征、处理难度、技术特点以及排放标准出发,耦合新型材料并引入高效破乳分离技术,进一步提高处理效能,简化工艺路线并降低处理成本。The source,classification,water quality and quantity characteristics of shipboard oily wastewater are summarized as well as the research progress of treatment technology.The development trend of in-situ treatment technology,equipment and craft of shipboard oily wastewater is analyzed.It is found that the water quality of shipboard oily waste water is complex and fluctuates widely,and emulsified oil is the difficulty of treatment;the water quantity is mainly determined by ship tonnage,but it is also affected by many uncertain factors.The traditional oil-water separation technologies such as gravity separation,coarsening and filtration have limited treatment capacity for emulsified oil,while electro coagulation,magnetic demulsification,membrane separation and adsorption technology have high treatment efficiency.To a certain extent,these technologies have the characteristics of simple operation,fast separation,small space occupation,low energy consumption and operation cost,which meets the technical requirements of in-situ treatment equipment,but they still need to focus on material preparation,equipment research and development,and engineering application.The construction of the in-situ treatment craft should start from the water quality characteristics,treatment difficulty,technical characteristics and discharge standard of shipboard oily wastewater,coupling new materials and introducing high-efficiency demulsification separation technology to further improve the treatment efficiency,simplify the process and reduce the treatment cost.

关 键 词：船舶油污水 舱底水 乳化油 原位处理 油水分离器 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]