黄连属药用资源及其异喹啉生物碱的研究进展  

Research progress on medicinal resources of Coptis and its isoquinoline alkaloids

作　　者：王安琪 袁庆军[2] 郭宁 杨滨[1] 孙奕[1] WANG An-qi;YUAN Qing-jun;GUO Ning;YANG Bin;SUN Yi(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2021年第14期3504-3513,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706100)。

摘　　要：黄连是中医临床常用中药之一,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功效。黄连属植物均可作药用,长期应用于临床;然而,近年部分黄连品种的资源破坏、难以种植等因素导致了一些物种几近濒危。黄连的药效成分多为异喹啉生物碱类化合物,利用液相-质谱联用(LC-MS)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、薄层色谱(TLC)等方法可对该类物质进行分析检测。不同品种黄连属植物含有生物碱的种类和含量均有差异,《中国植物志》收载品种黄连、三角叶黄连、云连、短萼黄连、峨眉野连、五叶黄连和五裂黄连等根茎中主要含有小檗碱、巴马汀、黄连碱、药根碱和非洲防己碱。针对植物异喹啉生物碱(plant isoquinoline alkaloids,PIAs)的药理活性强但制备难度较大的问题,应用合成生物学深入研究PIAs的合成,将有助于该类化合物的临床应用。该文综述了黄连属药用生物资源、黄连属药用植物所含生物碱的种类和结构、异喹啉生物碱类化合物的合成生物学及其分析检测的研究进展,为黄连属药用资源的保护及其生物碱类药效成分的充分应用提供参考。Coptidis Rhizoma is a common Chinese medicinal in clinical practice,with the effects of clearing heat,drying dampness,purging fire,and removing toxin.All the medicinal plants of Coptis can be used for clinical treatment,but some species are endangered due to resource destruction and difficulty in planting.The dominant medicinal components in Coptidis Rhizoma are isoquinoline alkaloids.There are various methods for the analysis and detection of alkaloids,such as LC-MS,HPLC,and TLC,among which LC-MS is the most widely applied.Different plants of Coptis vary in the kind and content of alkaloids.C.chinensis,C.deltoidea,C.teeta,C.chinensis var.brevisepala,C.omeiensis,C.quinquefolia,and C.quinquesecta mainly contain berberine,palmatine,coptisine,jatrorrhizine,and columbamine,five effective alkaloid components.Plant isoquinoline alkaloids(PIAs)have strong pharmacological activity but are difficult to prepare.The application of synthetic biology of PIAs will be helpful for the clinical application of PIAs.This paper reviews the research progress on biological resources of Coptis species and structures of alkaloids as well as analysis methods and synthetic biology for isoquinoline alkaloids in the medicinal plants of Coptis in recent years,which will facilitate the protection of Coptis medicinal resources and the application and development of alkaloids.

关 键 词：黄连属 药用资源 异喹啉类生物碱 合成生物学 分析 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]