赦免制度的功能流变——基于制度史与比较法的考察  

The Functional Change of Amnesty System

作　　者：李耀 李波[2] Li Yao;Li Bo(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871 [2]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2021年第3期130-140,共11页Journal of Hubei University of Police

摘　　要：赦免是一个世界范围内古已有之的制度,但是负载于其制度之上的功能却各不相同。当代我国的赦免实践,是以社会性的赦免为主,基于宽严相济刑事政策让罪犯提前回归社会。我国古代的赦免功能则以政治性为主,意图通过频繁的赦免缓解社会矛盾扶大厦之将倾。而当代美国的赦免实践同样暴露出政治化、私人化的特点。基于我国的国体与政体,无需在赦免制度上呈现过多政治性因素,政治性功能不应置于制度目的之内。而将赦免制度常态化、种类多样化的改革思路,未免没有注意到赦免对法治的冲击以及对普通平民的不平等对待。因此,在赦免制度的发展上仍需持保守、审慎态度。Amnesty is a universal system,but its functions are different.Reviewing the practice of amnesty in our country,we mainly consider the social amnesty,and consider the criminal policy of temper justice with mercy to let criminals return to society in advance.In ancient China,the function of amnesty was mainly political,with the intention of alleviating social conflicts through frequent amnesty.The practice of amnesty in contemporary America also reveals the characteristics of politicization and privatization.Based on China’s national system and political system,there is no need to present too many political factors in the amnesty system,and the political function should not be placed in the purpose of the system.However,the reform idea of normalizing and diversifying the amnesty system fails to pay attention to the impact of amnesty on the rule of law and the unequal treatment of ordinary people.Therefore,we still need to be conservative and prudent in the development of amnesty system.

关 键 词：赦免制度 制度史 比较研究 制度功能 形事政策 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]