中国大陆苹果零部件供应链空间组织研究  

Spatial organization and Influencing Factors of Apple's Component Supply Chain in China

作　　者：康江江 林柄全 宁越敏[3] KANG Jiangjiang;LIN Bingquan;NING Yuemin(Institute of Applied Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Department of Economics and Management,Party School of C.P.C Jiangsu Committee,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China;School of Urban&Regional Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院应用经济研究所,中国上海200020 [2]中共江苏省委党校经济管理教研部,中国江苏南京210009 [3]华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,中国上海200241

出　　处：《经济地理》2021年第7期138-145,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(19AZS018、19AZD007);上海市教育委员会科研创新计划重大项目(2021-01-07-00-08-E00130);上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题(2020ECK006);上海社会科学院重大系列课题(2021ZD029)。

摘　　要：选取2012—2018年苹果公司供应商数据,运用赫芬达尔指数和GIS空间分析描述苹果零部件供应链空间分布特征,利用负二项回归方法检验地方粘性与全球链接两大要素的作用。结果表明:①苹果供应链呈现出少数城市和省域集聚性、大城市群的高度集聚性、城市等级规模的衰减性三大特征。②长三角和珠三角核心城市表现为同、异功能供应商区位共聚特征,一般城市和中西部的城市以单一产品专业化生产为主且表现为同功能供应商区位共聚特征。③苹果零部件供应链倾向于在产业开发区较多、交通便利且与全球贸易联系紧密的城市分布。供应链上游企业倾向于向经济发达且人口规模较大的城市分布,而生产成本上涨则会显著妨碍上游企业进入;外资增长会对供应链中游的企业区位选择产生负向作用;供应链下游倾向于向制造业人口较多、港口运输能力较强且参与全球贸易较多的城市区位布局。Based on the address and product information data of Apple's component suppliers in China's Mainland from 2012 to 2018,this paper interprets the spatial distribution of Apple's component supply chain by using the method of Herfindahl index and GIS spatial analysis.In addition,the negative binomial regression method is used to empirically test the influence of local factors and global factors.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,Apple's component supply chain mainly concentrated in a few cities and provinces,and showed the characteristics of high agglomeration in large urban agglomerations and decrease property on the urban scale.Secondly,the suppliers at core cities of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are clustered with producing components of different links,which is mainly manifested as regional co-agglomeration of suppliers with the same function and different function.The general cities and the cities in the central and western regions mainly specialize in the production of single component,which is mainly manifested as regional co-agglomeration with same function.Lastly,Apple's component supply chain tends to choose cities with more economic development zones and stronger transportation capacity.The increased ability to participate in global trade will also promote the distribution of Apple suppliers to this city.The firms of upstream supply chain tends to choose the cities with developed economy and large population,while labor cost and industrial land cost will have significant negative effects.The FDI will have a significant negative impact on the location selection of the midstream supply chain.The downstream supply chain tends to choose the cities with a large manufacturing population,strong port transportation capacity and large participation in global trade.

关 键 词：零部件供应链 区域特征 地方粘性 全球链接 企业区位选择 地方比较优势 全球贸易 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]