张家山汉简《秩律》与吕后元年汉朝政区复原  

Zhangjiashan Han Manuscript“Statute on Salaries”and the Reconstruction of the Han Administrative Division of the First Year of Empress Lv

作　　者：马孟龙[1] Ma Menglong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《出土文献》2021年第3期71-89,156,157,共21页Excavated Documents

摘　　要：张家山汉简《二年律令·秩律》载录吕后元年朝廷直辖280余县道,是研究西汉政区地理的重要资料。由于《秩律》地名排列主要依据长官秩级而非所属郡,给西汉政区研究带来障碍。自《秩律》公布以来,学界已推出多种《秩律》地名隶属关系复原方案。随着近年来《秩律》文字释读以及汉初政区研究取得新进展,揭示《秩律》“同郡属县集中排列”的抄写规律,比以往理解的更为规整。基于这一律文抄写规律,能够更准确复原《秩律》县道隶属关系。再加上学者对汉初侯国地理分布、基层行政单位隶属特征的认识,可以复原完整的吕后元年朝廷直辖政区面貌。The“Statute on Salaries”秩律of Statutes and Ordinances of the 2^(nd) Year 二年律令 from the Zhangjiashan bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty,records that there were more than 280 counties Xian 县 and circuits Dao 道 under the direct jurisdiction of the court in the first year of Empress Lv.This is an important source for studying administrative divisions in the Western Han Dynasty.Since the order of the names of places recorded in the“Statutes on Salaries”is mainly based on the ranks of the governors rather than the commanderies Jun 郡 to which they belonged,it hinders the study of the political regions of the Western Han Dynasty.Since the publication of this source,there have been various proposals to recover the affiliation of political districts.Advances in the interpretation of words and phrases in the“Statutes on Salaries”in recent years and new progress made in the study of the political regions of the early Western Han Dynasty,reveals a transcription pattern in the text wherein counties affiliated to one commandery are listed together.This provides a more orderly understanding than previous scholarly interpretations.The counties and circuits affiliations recorded in the“Statutes on Salaries”can be more accurately reconstructed based upon this pattern.Combined with advances in our understanding of the geographical distribution of marquisates and the subordination of primary administrative units in the early years of the Western Han period,it is now possible to recover a complete picture of the administrative geography under the direct jurisdiction of the court in the first year of Empress Lv.

关 键 词：张家山汉简《秩律》 西汉政区地理 法律竹简抄写特征 西汉侯国 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学] D691[政治法律—政治学] D929[政治法律—中外政治制度]