有机肥施用及合理密植提高黄淮海地区夏大豆光系统性能与籽粒产量  

Improving photosynthetic performance and yield of summer soybean by organic fertilizer application and increasing plant density

作　　者：任廷虎 李宗尧 杜斌[1] 张兴惠 徐铮[1] 高大鹏 郑宾[1] 赵伟[1] 李耕[1] 宁堂原[1] REN Ting-hu;LI Zong-yao;DU Bin;ZHANG Xing-hui;XU Zheng;GAO Da-peng;ZHENG Bin;ZHAO Wei;LI Geng;NING Tang-yuan(Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第8期1361-1375,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300205);山东省园区产业提升工程项目(2019YQ014)。

摘　　要：【目的】氮素合理投入与作物合理增密种植之间的协调关系被普遍认为是挖掘作物增产潜力的重要措施之一。研究无机有机氮肥配合施用和不同种植密度条件下夏大豆光系统性能及产量差异,进而提出最佳施氮形式和密度组合模式,为黄淮海地区夏大豆的高产高效优质生产提供理论基础及科学依据。【方法】田间试验于2018—2020年在山东农业大学农学实验站进行,供试夏大豆品种为‘齐黄34’(QH34)。采用完全随机区组设计,试验设置4个密度水平,分别为90000株/hm^(2)(D1)、120000株/hm^(2)(D2)、150000株/hm^(2)(D3)、180000株/hm^(2)(D4),D1仅于2018年种植,D4仅于2019和2020年种植。设置不施氮肥对照(N0)和3个等氮量氮肥处理:单施尿素(U)、单施腐熟鸡粪(M)、尿素与鸡粪氮各占50%(UM)。测定各处理夏大豆产量及产量构成因素,花后叶片含氮量,净光合速率(P_(n))及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP曲线),分析大豆功能叶片(主茎倒四叶)光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能,PSⅡ对单位氮素的利用差异,以及P_(n)和PSⅡ,P_(n)/SLN和单位氮素对PSⅡ的贡献能力之间的相关性。【结果】施氮肥显著提高了大豆产量,且4个密度水平下,M和UM处理的大豆产量均显著高于U处理,UM处理在2018年D1、D2、D3密度的大豆产量均显著高于M处理,UM和M处理在2019年高密度处理(D4)差异不显著,在2020年D2、D3、D4密度下均无显著差异。从产量分析,密度为D2或D3更有利于黄淮海地区大豆的生产。在相同密度条件下,施氮肥可以显著提高叶片P_(n)、PSⅡ的供体侧(Wk)、受体侧(Vj)和PSⅡ对光能的吸收(PI_(ABS))、捕获(φ_(Po))、能量转化(φ_(Eo))及电子传递活性(Ψ_(o));有效提高单位氮素对PSⅡ的贡献能力(φ_(Po)/SLN、Wk/SLN、Vj/SLN、φ_(Eo)/SLN、Ψ_(o)/SLN)。2018年各处理大豆的光合效能表现为UM>M>U,随着种植年份的增加,UM和M处理之间差异逐渐缩小,到2020年时二者之�【Objectives】Coordination of N supply and plant density is essential for high soybean yield.Here,we studied the effect of N fertilizer combination and plant density on the photosynthetic performance and yield of summer soybean.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted in the Agronomy Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University from 2018—2020.Summer soybean cultivar Qihuang 34(QH34)was used as experimental materials.We tested four planting densities:90000(D1),120000(D2),150000(D3)and 180000 plants/hm^(2)(D4).The fertilizer treatments were urea(U),chicken manure(M),and 50%urea and 50%chicken manure(UM),and no nitrogen fertilizer as control(N0).We analyzed N content,gas exchange,the photosynthetic performance of new fully expanded leaves,and soybean yield.【Results】Application of N fertilizer significantly increased soybean yield.M and UM had significantly higher yield than U under all the four density treatments;UM yield was significantly increased than M in 2018 under all the four densities but not significant under high-density treatment(D4)in 2019.There was no significantly difference in the yield of D2,D3 and D4 in 2020.D2 or D3 was more suitable for soybean production in the Huanghuaihai region than D1 and D4.Application of N fertilizer significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),light absorption(φ_(Po),PI_(ABS)),energy transformation(φ_(Eo)),electron transfer activities(Ψ_(o)),the activities of PSⅡacceptor side(Vj)and donor side(Wk),and the contribution of N units to PSⅡability(φ_(Po)/SLN,Wk/SLN,Vj/SLN,φ_(Eo)/SLN,Ψ_(o)/SLN).Also,we found that N fertilization increased the positive correlation between P_(n) and PSⅡand P_(n)/SLN and PSⅡ/SLN.The photosynthetic efficiency of soybean was in UM>M>U in 2018,but there was no significant difference between M and UM in 2020.Under the same N fertilizer application,however,the photosynthetic efficiency of D2 and D3 treatments were similar.The P_(n) was significantly and positively correlated with PSⅡ,P_(n)/SLN and the

关 键 词：夏大豆 有机无机肥配施 密度 光合特性 光系统Ⅱ性能 氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]