基于川麦冬皂苷和黄酮成分的氮磷钾化肥与有机肥适宜配比  

Optimal combination ratio of NPK and organic fertilizers for highest saponin and flavonoid contents in Ophiopogon japonicas

作　　者：邓秋林 李思佳 文秋姝 雷飞益 陈雨 周娟 刘哲 陈兴福[1] DENG Qiu-lin;LI Si-jia;WEN Qiu-shu;LEI Fei-yi;CHEN Yu;ZHOU Juan;LIU Zhe;CHEN Xing-fu(Agriculture College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qingbaijiang District,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 610300,China;Sichuan Provincial Food and Drμg Inspection and Testing Institute,Chengdu 610097,Sichuan;Southwest University for Nationalities,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川省成都市青白江区农业农村局,四川成都610300 [3]四川省食品与药品检验检测院,四川成都610097 [4]西南民族大学,四川成都610041

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第8期1477-1486,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：四川省重点项目(2018SZ0058)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮磷钾无机肥与有机肥配施对川麦冬主要有效成分含量的影响及肥料的适宜施用量。【方法】田间试验采用四元二次正交旋转组合设计,在川麦冬生长期分3次施用氮肥、磷肥、钾肥与有机肥,采收后分别测定药材的麦冬皂苷D(OSD)、麦冬皂苷D′(OSD′)、麦冬甲基黄烷酮A(MONA)、麦冬甲基黄烷酮B(MONB)和麦冬黄烷酮D(MOND)的含量。利用模型分析氮磷钾肥与有机肥对川麦冬主要有效成分含量的影响,利用统计频数法综合各项指标获得最优施肥方案。【结果】氮磷钾肥与有机肥合理配施对OSD、OSD′和MONA含量的影响显著,对MONB与MOND含量的影响不明显。肥料对活性成分的影响程度也不同,钾肥主要影响OSD′、MONA与MONB的含量,有机肥主要影响OSD含量,氮肥主要影响MOND的含量。随着钾肥用量的增加,OSD含量逐渐增加,OSD′的含量先下降后升高。氮肥有机肥互作有利于OSD的积累,钾肥与有机肥互作不利于OSD′的积累;氮肥与磷肥互作、钾肥与有机肥互作有利于MONA的积累,氮肥与钾肥互作、磷肥与钾肥互作、磷肥与有机肥互作不利于MONA的积累。通过优化分析,施用N 307~368 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)23~27 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 189~190 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥2419~2534 kg/hm^(2)可使OSD含量≥140μg/g、OSD′含量≥75μg/g、MONA含量≥100μg/g。【结论】获得最高麦冬皂苷D含量的施肥量为N 332 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)25 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 204 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥2616 kg/hm^(2)。获得最高麦冬皂苷D′含量的施肥量为N 339 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)25 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 199 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥2352 kg/hm^(2)。获得最高麦冬甲基黄烷酮A含量的施肥量为N 339 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)25 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 173 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥2400 kg/hm^(2)。氮磷钾肥与有机肥合理配施可提高川麦冬中皂苷类和黄酮类成分的含量,尤其是麦冬甲基黄烷酮A和麦冬甲基黄烷酮B的含量。【Objectives】Proper fertilization is necessary for high-quality herb cultivation and yield.We studied the optimum combination of N,P,K,and organic fertilizer(OF)in the artificial cultivation of Ophiopogon japonicus.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted using a four-dimensional quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design.All the N,P,K,and organic fertilizers were applied in three times during growth of O.japonicus.Ophiopogonin D(OSD),ophiopogonin D′(OSD′),methylophiopogonanone A(MONA),methylophiopogonanone B(MONB),and ophiopogonanone D(MOND)were measured after harvest.A model was used to analyze N,P,K,and organic fertilizer’s influence on the main constituents.We used the statistical frequency method to integrate various indicators to obtain the optimal fertilization plan.【Results】The application of N,P,K,and organic fertilizers had significant effects on OSD,OSD′and MONA content,but not on MONB and MOND.However,fertilizers influenced active constituents to different extent.Potash fertilizers mainly affected OSD′,MONA,and MONB contents,OF mainly affect OSD,and N mainly affect MOND.With the increase of K fertilizer,OSD content gradually increased,while OSD′decreased first and then increased.The interaction of N×OF was beneficial to the accumulation of OSD;K×OF did not improve OSD′;N×P and K×OF increased MONA;and N×K,P×K,P×OF did not increase MONA.Application of N 307-368 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)23-27 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 189-190 kg/hm^(2),OF 2419-2534 kg/hm^(2) could improve OSD to≥140μg/g,OSD′to≥75μg/g,and MONA to≥100μg/g.【Conclusions】The practical application of N,P,K,and organic fertilizer can increase saponin and flavonoid contents in O.japonicus,especially MONA and MONB.The optimum N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O-OF application ratio was 332-25-204-2616 kg/hm^(2) for OSD,339-25-199-2352 kg/hm^(2) for OSD′,and 339-25-173-2400 kg/hm^(2) for MONA.

关 键 词：川麦冬 养分最佳施用量 麦冬皂苷 麦冬甲基黄烷酮 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]