中国奥运冠军成长规律与时代启示  

The Law of Growth of Chinese Olympic Champions and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：杨国庆[1,2] 彭国强 刘红建 胡海旭 毕晓婷 刘叶郁[1] YANG Guoqing;PENG Guoqiang;LIU Hongjian;HU Haixu;BI Xiaoting;LIU Yeyu(Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Sports and Health Project,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science,Nanjing 210033,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省运动与健康工程协同创新中心,江苏南京210014 [3]江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《体育科学》2021年第5期3-14,52,共13页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局决策咨询研究重大项目(2019-A-02)。

摘　　要：奥运冠军是竞技体育发展水平的重要标志,也是彰显优秀竞技人才培养成效的重大成果。在面临东京奥运会和北京冬奥会重大攻坚任务的关键时期,总结中国奥运冠军的成长成才规律,对于指导备战参赛工作和推动优秀竞技人才培养具有重要意义。研究综合运用理论与实证相结合的方法,对国内外有关奥运冠军研究文献进行了系统梳理,首次对我国全部251名奥运冠军进行了信息采集和问卷调查,从基本情况、文化教育、训练竞赛和心理制胜等方面,全面探索了奥运冠军的成长特征,在此基础上凝练了具有中国特色的奥运冠军成长规律。研究提出,在加快推进体育强国建设的时代背景下,要完善优秀运动员成长的体制机制,推动优秀竞技人才的多元化培养;要拓宽优秀运动员选拔输送方式,实现优秀竞技人才的精准化培养;要创新优秀运动员训练参赛模式,推进优秀竞技人才的科学化培养;要丰富优秀运动员文化教育形式,促进优秀竞技人才的个性化培养;要优化优秀运动员服务保障体系,保持优秀竞技人才的长效化培养。The Olympic champion is an important symbol of the development level of competitive sports,and it demonstrates the outstanding achievements of competitive talents training as well.In the critical preparation period of Tokyo Olympic Games and Beijing Winter Olympic Games,it is necessary to summarize the law of growth and development of Chinese Olympic champions in order to guide the work of preparing for the Games and to promote the cultivation of outstanding competitive talents.This study systematically reviewed the domestic and overseas literatures about Olympic champions,and surveyed 251 Olympic champions in China.The growth law of Olympic champions with Chinese characteristics were summarized from the aspects of basic conditions,culture and education,training competition and psychological winning.It is suggested that,firstly,the system and mechanism for the growth of outstanding athletes and promote the diversified cultivation of outstanding competitive talents is necessary;secondly,to broaden the selection and transportation methods for outstanding athletes and then to realize the accurate training of excellent athletes;thirdly,to innovate the training and competition mode of excellent athletes and then to promote the scientific training of excellent athletes;fourthly,to enrich the cultural and educational forms of excellent athletes and then to promote the individualized training of excellent athletes;lastly,it is necessary to optimize the service guarantee system for elite athletes and maintain the long term cultivation of elite athletes.

关 键 词：中国奥运冠军 成长规律 优秀竞技人才 竞技体育 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]