北方强冬性区白菜型冬油菜临界安全越冬率及产量补偿效应分析  

The critical safe overwintering and yield compensation effect of winter Rapeseed(Brassica rapa L.)in strong winter region of North China

作　　者：郑国强 刘自刚[1] 魏家萍 李诚德 曹小东 方新玲 董小云 李辉[1] 米文博 徐春梅 徐明霞 邹娅 ZHENG Guoqiang;LIU Zigang;WEI Jiaping;LI Chengde;CAO Xiaodong;FANG Xinling;DONG Xiaoyun;LI Hui;MI Wenbo;XU Chunmei;XU Mingxia;ZOU Ya(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement&Germplasm Enhancement,Agronmoy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Agro-technology Extension Station,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第5期19-28,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(ZCYD-2020-2-3);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-01);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0100502);国家自然科学基金(31660404);甘肃省高校科研成果转化培育项目(2018D-13);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：以3个不同抗寒性的白菜型冬油菜品种为材料,在模拟不同越冬条件下,探讨越冬率对强抗寒性白菜型冬油菜产量、株型性状、角粒性状、生育期等的影响。结果表明:当越冬率在30%~100%范围内,随越冬率的增加,白菜型冬油菜产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,陇油7号、冬油2号越冬率为85%时产量分别为4462.2 kg·hm^(-2)和4057.0 kg·hm^(-2),达到最高值;天油4号越冬率为90%时产量最高,为3591.8 kg·hm^(-2)。方差分析表明,陇油7号和天油4号越冬率大于75%,冬油2号越冬率大于70%时,越冬率变化对其产量水平无显著影响,而越冬率低于这一阈值时,其产量显著降低。回归分析表明,白菜型冬油菜越冬率与其产量的关系符合线性模型;相关性分析表明,白菜型冬油菜越冬率变化与植株分枝部位呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与单株分枝数、角果长度和数量、粒数和粒重、单株重量等呈显著负相关(P<0.05),种子、角果和侧枝的干鲜质量及蔗糖含量与越冬率变化呈显著或极显著负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。因此,冬前播种密度保持在65万株·hm^(-2)时,我国北方强冬性区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬临界值范围为70%~75%,不同品种的安全临界越冬率存在差异;在一定范围内,增加白菜型冬油菜的分枝和结实性能,对返青群体不足导致的产量损失具有补偿效应。The effects of overwintering rate on yield,plant type trait,horny trait and growth period of winter rapeseed with strong cold resistance were studied by using three different cold-resistant winter rapeseed varieties as materials under different overwintering conditions.The results showed that the yields of winter rapeseeds increased and then decreased with increasing of overwintering rate in the range of 30%to 100%.The yields of Longyou 7 and Dongyou 2 could reach the highest value at the 85%overwintering rate,being 4462.2 kg·hm^(-2)and 4057.0 kg·hm^(-2),while Tianyou 4 would have the highest yield when the overwintering rate was 90%,3591.8 kg·hm^(-2).In addition,the analysis of variance showed that when the overwintering rates of Longyou 7 and Tianyou 4 were more than 75%,and the overwintering rate of Dongyou 2 was more than 70%,the overwintering rate had no significant effect on yields,however the yield would decrease significantly when the overwintering rate was lower than this threshold.Regression analysis showed that the relationship between the overwintering rate and yield of winter rapeseed conformed to the linear model.Correlation analysis showed that the overwintering rate was positively correlated with branch height(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the number of branch,the length and number of siliques,the number and weight of seeds,and weight per plant,etc.At the same time,the dry and fresh weight and sucrose content of seeds,siliques,and side branches were significantly negatively correlated with the overwintering rate(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Therefore,when the pre-winter planting density maintained at 650000 plant·hm^(-2),the critical range of safe overwintering of winter rapeseed in strong winter region of North China would be 70%~75%,and the critical safe overwintering rate of diverse varieties was different.Winter rapeseed could have a compensational effect on the yield loss caused by the shortage of plant population by increasing of branches and fruits traits.

关 键 词：白菜型冬油菜 临界安全越冬率 产量 农艺性状 补偿效应 北方强冬性区 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]