缺氮胁迫阶段及施氮时期对油用亚麻干物质及氮素积累的影响  

Effects of nitrogen deficiency stage and nitrogen application periodon dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of oil flax

作　　者：郭丽琢[1,2] 杨波 高玉红[1,2] 牛俊义 GUO Lizhuo;YANG Bo;GAO Yuhong;NIU Junyi(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Longnan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Wudu,Gansu 746000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省陇南市农业技术推广总站,甘肃武都746000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第5期40-49,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家现代农业特色油料产业技术体系专项(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃省自然科学基金(1107RJZA160)。

摘　　要：通过砂培及土培试验,分别以6个氮素供缺阶段处理和6个氮肥基追比例处理,探讨了缺氮阶段及施氮时期对亚麻干物质及氮素积累、籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,和全生育期正常供氮(CK)相比,播种~枞形期缺氮(T_(1))造成的干物质积累抑制随枞形期后的持续复氮而渐次降低,且茎、叶干物质积累量随复氮而终末产生了等量补偿,而枞形期~现蕾期(T_(2))、现蕾期~盛花期(T_(3))、盛花期~成熟期(T_(4))、现蕾期~成熟期(T_(5))4个时段的氮胁迫造成的器官干物质积累量降低,终末仍为不足补偿;胁迫阶段(T_(1)~T_(5))的籽粒产量分别较对照降低了18.02%、26.54%、35.06%、38.83%、48.00%。保证生殖生长阶段的氮素营养供给可避免35%~50%左右的减产损失。0.2 g·kg^(-1)施用的氮肥,基肥比重占2/3以上时不利于氮素营养状况的改善及植株的生长,基肥施用量≤1/2、剩余肥料于枞形期或现蕾期一次或分两次施入,可使植株的氮素及干物质积累总量分别增加10.71%~37.50%和9.34%~22.02%;1/6基肥+1/3枞形期追肥+1/2现蕾期追肥的方式,较其他施肥方式(100%基肥、2/3基肥+1/3现蕾期追肥、1/2基肥+1/2现蕾期追肥、1/6基肥+5/6枞形期追肥)的氮素积累量、植株干物质量、籽粒产量分别提高7.17%~37.50%、7.89%~22.02%、9.59%~26.71%。综上,盛花期~成熟期缺氮对植株的干物质积累及产量抑制敏感程度最高,现蕾期前后追肥具有显著的补偿效应;基肥施用量≤1/3、剩余肥料于枞形期(或分茎期)、现蕾期分两次施入,并使现蕾期追肥占1/2左右,是符合油用亚麻需求特性的氮肥运筹方式。Sand culture pot experiment and soil culture pot experiment were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen(N)deficiency stage and N fertilizer application period on dry matter accumulation,N accumulation and yield of oil flax.Six N supply or deficiency stage treatments and six N ratio treatments of base fertilizer to top dressing were set up in sand culture and soil culture,respectively.The results showed that,compared with normal N supply during the whole growth period(CK),the inhibition of dry matter accumulation caused by N deficiency in sowing-fir shape stage(T_(1))gradually decreased with the continuous N resupplying after fir shape stage,and the dry weight of stems and leaves eventually produced equal compensation at maturity,while N deficiency in stage of fir shape~budding(T_(2)),budding~blooming(T_(3)),blooming~mature(T_(4)),and budding~mature(T_(5))decreased the dry matter accumulation of all organs.When compared with CK,the grain yield of T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T_(4),and T_(5) reduced by 18.02%,26.54%,35.06%,38.83%,and 48.00%,respectively.Ensuring N nutrient supply in reproductive growth stage avoided about 35%~50%yield loss.Under the same N fertilizer dosage of 0.2 g·kg^(-1)soil,more than 2/3 amount of basal fertilizer was not conducive to improving N nutrition and plant growth.Applying basal fertilizer less than 1/2,with the remaining fertilizer top dressed once or twice in fir-shaped or budding stage increased total N and dry matter accumulation of flax plant by 10.71%~37.50%and 9.34%~22.02%,respectively.The 1/6 basal fertilizer+1/3 top dressing in fir shape stage+1/2 top dressing in budding increased N and dry matter accumulation,grain yield by 7.17%~37.50%,7.89%~22.02%,and 9.59%~26.71%,respectively,compared with other fertilizing methods(i.e.100%basal fertilizer,2/3 basal fertilizer+1/3 top dressing in budding,1/2 basal fertilizer+1/2 top dressing in budding,1/6 basal fertilizer+5/6 top dressing in fir shape stage).In summary,N deficiency in blooming to maturity stage was the most sensitive to dry mat

关 键 词：缺氮时期 施氮时期 油用亚麻 干物质 氮积累量 产量 

分 类 号：S563.2[农业科学—作物学] S143.1