天赋人权论自洽性之商榷  

Discussion on the Self-consistency of the Theory of Natural Rights

作　　者：胡玉鸿 HU Yu-hong(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,200042)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《现代法学》2021年第4期46-54,共9页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目《健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究》(20AZD028)。

摘　　要：发端于启蒙时期的天赋人权论,在人类法治的历史上具有革命性的历史进步意义。但其理论上的自洽性也不容忽视,主要表现在:设定了一个不可证明的“天”的存在,难以契合现代科学理论所要求的严谨、精密;将人权理解为超越时空的存在,无视人的主观能动性,难以证成人权的正当性与合理性;从现代法学理论而言,天赋人权论多少显得捉襟见肘。因此,需要将人权的来源解说回归于人之上,通过人的尊严来证成人权的固有性、正当性与合理性。The theory of natural human rights,which originated from the Enlightenment period,has important revolutionary significance in the history of rule of law.However,its theoretical self-consistency cannot be ignored.It is mainly manifested in the following aspects:the existence of an unprovable“nature”is difficult to meet the rigor and precision required by modern science;understanding human rights as being beyond time and space,ignoring human subjective initiative,it is difficult to prove the legitimacy and rationality of human rights;from the perspective of modern legal theory,the theory of natural rights seems to be insufficient.Therefore,it is necessary to return the explanation of the source of human rights to human beings,and prove the inherency,legitimacy and rationality of human rights through human dignity.

关 键 词：天赋人权论 自然权利 人权的正当来源 法学理论的自洽性 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]