论自然人破产免责制度中的利益衡平  

On the Balance of Interests in the Natural Person Bankruptcy Dscharge Regime

作　　者：殷慧芬 YIN Hui-fen(Law School, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201701, China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院法律学院,上海201701

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2021年第4期142-153,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“营商环境视角下的自然人破产法律问题研究”(2020BFX006)。

摘　　要：自然人债务人进入破产程序的主要动机是获得债务的免责。然而,债务人的债务免除以债权人的清偿利益受损为代价,因此破产免责使得自然人破产法遭遇最大的伦理挑战。破产免责体现了一种分配正义,释放了自然人债务人的生产力,实际上是对现有社会保障制度的提升。从历史的角度看,各国破产法先后采用了债权人同意、最低清偿比例、债权人和管理人监督等机制来遏制债务人的滥用行为。自动免责与许可免责的选择、破产免责范围大小的选择、破产免责期限长短的选择体现了一国自然人破产立法在债权人利益和债务人利益之间的衡平。我国未来的自然人破产免责制度设计需要在占有更多经验材料的基础上,作出令人信服的论断。A natural person debtor’s primary motivation for entering into bankruptcy proceedings is to obtain a discharge of debts.However,the debtor’s debt discharge comes at the expense of the creditor’s interest,so the natural person bankruptcy law encounters its greatest ethical challenge.Bankruptcy discharge embodies a form of distributive justice,unleashing the productivity of individual debtors and,in effect,enhancing existing social security systems.From a historical perspective,national bankruptcy laws have adopted mechanisms such as creditor consent,minimum discharge ratios,and creditor and administrator oversight to curb debtor abuse.The choice between automatic and permissive discharge,the choice of the scope of bankruptcy discharge,and the choice of the allotted time of bankruptcy discharge reflect the balance between the interests of creditors and debtors in a country’s natural person bankruptcy legislation.The design of our future bankruptcy discharge system needs to be based on more empirical material and to make convincing assertions.

关 键 词：破产免责 利益衡平 滥用预防 许可免责 免责期间 

分 类 号：D923.99[政治法律—民商法学]