城市天空可视因子对地表热环境的影响分析  

Analysis of the influence of the urban building sky view factor on land surface thermal environment

作　　者：陈强 程倩豪 陈云浩 李康宁 靖常峰 CHEN Qiang;CHENG Qianhao;CHEN Yunhao;LI Kangning;JING Changfeng(School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学测绘与城市空间信息学院,北京102616 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《测绘科学》2021年第8期148-155,共8页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：北京市教委科研一般性项目(KM20190016006);国家自然科学基金项目(41801235,41771412)。

摘　　要：针对城市热岛效应的各类影响因素,该文主要关注城市三维形态与城市热环境的关系,并研究这种关系因建筑高度、密度、季节而变化的原因。作为重要的城市结构参数,天空可视因子能够较好地描述建筑物的三维形态,并可以表征有效太阳辐射吸收强度。因此,该文结合建筑物高度数据集和半球模型计算天空可视因子,并利用Landsat-8热红外波段和辐射传输模型反演地表温度,然后分析了天空可视因子与地表温度在不同季节的相关性。选择地表异质性较高的北京核心建成区作为研究区,并按照不同建筑高度和密度选择4个实验区。实验结果表明,天空可视因子与地表温度的关系存在季节差异,冬季两者的相关性更强。通过对4个实验区的定量分析可知,实验区a中天空可视因子与地表温度夏季是正相关,冬季是非线性关系;实验区b和c中是两者的关系正相关;而实验区d中无明显相关趋势。所以,建筑物的高度与密度对天空可视因子与地表温度的关系有显著影响,并且这种关系随季节变化而不同。For the various influencing factors of urban heat island effect, this paper focuses on the relationship between three-dimensional urban morphology and urban thermal environment, and investigates the reasons why this relationship varies according to building height, density, and season. The sky view factor(SVF),as one of the urban morphological parameters, can better describe the three-dimensional morphology of buildings and can characterize the effective solar radiation absorption intensity. Therefore, we had combined the building height data set and the hemispheric model to calculate the sky view factor, and used the Landsat-8 thermal infrared band and the radiative transfer model to retrieve the land surface temperature(LST). Then, the correlation between SVF and LST in different seasons was analyzed. We selected the core built-up area of Beijing with high surface heterogeneity as the study area, and selected four experimental areas according to the different building heights and densities.The experimental results showed that the relationship between SVF and LST was different in four seasons,and they were more significantly related in winter.The quantitative analysis of these four areas showed that SVF and LST in area a were positively correlated in summer and non-linearly correlated in winter,in areas b and c were positively correlated,while there was no significant correlation in area d.Therefore,the height and density of buildings have a significant effect on the relationship between SVF and LST,and this relationship varies with the season.

关 键 词：天空可视因子 地表温度 城市三维表面 季节性变化 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]