失效模式与效应分析在新型冠状病毒核酸检测中的应用  

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid

作　　者：胡冬[1] 陈曦[1] 胥明勇[1] 曾家伟 罗军[1] 俸家富[1] HU Dong;CHEN Xi;XU Mingyong;ZENG Jiawei;LUO Jun;FENG Jiafu(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Mianyang Central Hospital,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市中心医院检验科,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《华西医学》2021年第8期1011-1015,共5页West China Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的运用失效模式和效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)对新型冠状病毒核酸检测过程中的风险进行排查和改善,探讨FMEA在应急开展检验项目中的应用意义。方法2020年1月30日—2月21日运用FMEA梳理新型冠状病毒核酸检测全过程,确立主题,组建团队,进行失效模式和潜在影响因素分析,计算风险优先系数,根据分析结果制定防范措施,实施持续改进。结果共开展核酸检测2138例。改善后,潜在失效模式数量减少2项(17 vs.19项),总风险优先系数(risk priority number,RPN)较改善前下降(3527.49 vs.1858.28分),改善前后平均RPN比较差异有统计学意义[(185.66±74.34)vs.(97.80±37.97)分;t=6.128,P<0.001]。结论在应急开展检验项目初期,运用FMEA可系统排查流程中的风险因素,制定改进措施,有效降低开展新型冠状病毒核酸检测的风险。Objective To use failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)to check and improve the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection,and explore the application effect of FMEA in the emergency inspection items.Methods FMEA was used to sort out the whole process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection from January 30 to February 21,2020.By establishing the theme,setting up a team,analyzing the failure mode and potential influencing factors.Then calculate the risk priority number(RPN),formulate preventive measures and implement continuous improvement according to the analysis results.Results A total of 2138 cases were included.After improvement,the number of potential failure modes has been reduced by 2(17 vs.19);the value of total RPN decreased(3527.49 vs.1858.28).There was significant difference in average RPN before and after improvement[(185.66±74.34)vs.(97.80±37.97);t=6.128,P<0.001].Conclusions In the early stage of emergency inspection items,using FMEA can systematically check the risk factors in the process,develop improvement measures.It also can effectively reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection in hospital.

关 键 词：失效模式与效应分析 新型冠状病毒 核酸检测 应急 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R440[医药卫生—内科学]