不同种植制度对黄土高原东部土壤物理质量的影响  

Effects of Different Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Quality in the Eastern Loess Plateau

作　　者：徐伟 刘凯凯 赵文欣 张泽燕 郑海泽 薛建福[1] XU Wei;LIU Kaikai;ZHAO Wenxin;ZHANG Zeyan;ZHENG Haize;XUE Jianfu(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Crop Ecology and Dry Cultivation Physiology Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province,Taigu 030801,China;Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第9期1088-1093,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金项目(201801D121249);国家食用豆现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08-G10)。

摘　　要：为探索适宜黄土高原东部麦田的种植制度,于2016年设置玉米—小麦(CW)、玉米—小麦—绿豆—小麦(CWMW)和休闲—小麦(FW)3种种植制度,研究分析了第4年度0~30 cm土层土壤物理质量的差异。结果表明,夏播作物收获后,CW处理较CWMW处理0~10 cm土层的土壤容重和土壤三相分离值(R)分别显著降低了9.4%和50.5%,土壤总孔隙度、土壤充气孔隙度以及土壤毛管孔隙度分别显著提高了10.1%、52.6%和8.6%;CW处理较FW处理10~20 cm土层的R值显著降低了30.4%,土壤充气孔隙度和土壤毛管孔隙度分别显著增加了56.2%和14.4%。冬小麦收获后,CW处理较CWMW和FW处理10~20 cm土层的土壤容重分别显著降低了15.2%和14.1%,土壤总孔隙度和土壤充气孔隙度分别显著提高了21.6%、19.8%和33.9%、29.2%;CW处理较CWMW处理20~30 cm土层的R值显著降低了11.9%。综合来看,实施玉米—小麦种植制度可能是该区域改善农田土壤物理质量的潜在种植制度。To explore suitable cropping systems for wheat fields in the eastern Loess Plateau,three cropping systems were set up in 2016,namely,corn-wheat(CW),corn-wheat-mung-bean(CWMW)and fallow-wheat(FW).The differences of soil physical quality in 0-30 cm soil layer in the fourth year were analyzed.The results showed that after summer crops harvested,soil bulk density and soil three phase separation value(R)of 0-10 cm soil layer under CW treatment significantly decreased by 9.4%and 50.5%,respectively,and soil total porosity,soil aeration porosity and soil capillary porosity significantly increased by 10.1%,52.6%and 8.6%,respectively,compared with those under CWMW treatment.Compared with FW treatment,R value of 10-20 cm soil layer under CW treatment significantly decreased by 30.4%,and soil aerated porosity and soil capillary porosity significantly increased by 56.2%and 14.4%,respectively.After winter wheat harvested,the soil bulk density of the 10-20 cm layer under CW treatment significantly decreased by 15.2%and 14.1%,respectively,and the total soil porosity and aerated soil porosity significantly increased by 21.6%,19.8%and 33.9%,29.2%,respectively,compared with those treated by CWMW and FW treatment.Compared with CWMW treatment,R value of 20-30 cm soil layer under CW treatment significantly reduced by 11.9%.In conclusion,the implementation of corn-wheat cropping system may be a potential cropping system to improve the physical quality of farmland soil in this region.

关 键 词：种植制度 土壤物理质量 冬小麦田 黄土高原东部 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]