滴灌条件下水肥耦合对春玉米光合速率及产量的影响  

Effects of Water-fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Rate and Yield of Spring Maize under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：王雯[1] 张雄[1] 白盼盼 刘远超 WANG Wen;ZHANG Xiong;BAI Panpan;LIU Yuanchao(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumuqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第9期1100-1104,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西水利科技计划项目(2019slkj-18);国家自然科学基金项目(41763011);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2018YFD1001003-3)。

摘　　要：为研究不同水肥配比对春玉米光合速率及产量的影响,筛选出陕北沙区春玉米高产优质栽培的适宜水肥耦合模式,以陕单609为供试品种,采用饱和D-416-A最优设计,观测16种水肥耦合处理对春玉米光合速率及产量的影响。结果表明,在整个生育期,T10处理(灌溉量5268.2 m^(3)/hm^(2),纯氮量251.2 kg/hm^(2),纯磷量129.7 kg/hm^(2),纯钾量88.0 kg/hm^(2))的叶片净光合速率显著高于其他处理(除T13和T15处理)7.6%~150.0%。T10处理的产量各构成因素均为最高,其穗粗、穗质量、穗粒质量和千粒质量均显著高于其他处理(除T13和T15处理)8.6%~102.2%,产量显著高于其他处理10.3%~88.0%。回归分析显示,水肥耦合因子对春玉米光合速率和产量构成因素变化的解释度超过58%,其中,春玉米的光合速率、行粒数、千粒质量和产量与氮肥和磷肥用量呈显著相关(P≤0.042)。T10处理有利于提高春玉米的光合速率和产量,为陕北沙区滴灌春玉米适宜的水肥耦合模式。研究结果可为陕北沙区春玉米高产优质栽培提供技术支持。To study the effects of different ratios of water and fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate and yield of spring maize,to select a suitable coupled water-fertilizer mode for cultural techniques of high yield and quality of spring maize in the sandy region of northern Shaanxi province,in the study,the effects of 16 types of water-fertilizer coupling treatments on the photosynthetic rate and yield of spring maize were observed by using saturated D-416-A optimal design,and taking Shandan 609 as the test variety.The results showed that in the whole growth period,the net photosynthetic rate of T10 treatment(irrigation amount of 5268.2 m^(3)/hm^(2),pure nitrogen amount of 251.2 kg/hm^(2),pure phosphorus amount of 129.7 kg/hm^(2),pure potassium amount of 88.0 kg/hm^(2))was the highest,which was 7.6%-150.0%higher than that of other treatments(except T13 and T15).Except for T13 and T15 treatment,T10 treatment had the highest yield components,among them,the ear diameter,quality per ear,grain quality per ear,1000-grain quality in T10 treatment were 8.6%-102.2%significantly higher than those in other treatments,and yield was 10.3%-88.0%significantly higher than that in other treatments.Regression analysis showed that water-fertilizer coupling factors accounted for more than 58%of the changes in photosynthetic rate and yield components of spring maize,among them,the photosynthetic rate,grains per row,1000-grain quality and yield of spring maize were significantly correlated with the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus(P≤0.042).In conclusion,T10 treatment is beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate and yield of spring maize,which is the suitable water-fertilizer coupling mode for spring maize in the sandy region of northern Shaanxi.The results will provide the technical support for high yield and good quality cultivation of spring maize in sandy region of northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：春玉米 水肥耦合 光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]