北京市某城区大气PM_(2.5)中苯并[a]芘暴露的人群致癌风险评估  

Carcinogenic risk assessment of inhabitants exposed to B[a]P in ambient PM_(2.5)in an urban district of Beijing

作　　者：李韵谱[1] 刘喆[1] 唐志刚[1] 徐春雨[1] 李娜[1] 常君瑞[1] 王秦[1] LI Yun-pu;LIU Zhe;TANG Zhi-gang;XU Chun-yu;LI Na;CHANG Jun-rui;WANG Qin(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第9期1025-1030,共6页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2015年公益性行业科研专项(项目编号:201502003)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市某城区采暖季大气PM_(2.5)中苯并[a]芘的污染水平和人群致癌风险。方法于2016年12月—2017年2月采集北京市某城区每日PM_(2.5)样品,采用高效液相色谱—荧光检测器法测定PM_(2.5)上苯并[a]芘浓度,评估不同污染天气过程的污染水平下,男性、女性、总人群因吸入苯并[a]芘导致的人群终生超额致癌风险和预期寿命损失。结果苯并[a]芘日均质量浓度中位数为5.20(2.13,11.05)ng/m^3。重污染天气过程的苯并[a]芘日均质量浓度中位数为12.90(5.76,21.98)ng/m^3,是非重污染天气过程3.90(1.13,8.92)ng/m^3的3.3倍,差异有统计学意义。北京市某城区男性在重污染天气过程、非重污染天气过程以及研究期间的苯并[a]芘暴露浓度下,IUR取值为1.1×10^(-6)(ng/m^3)^(-1)时,超额致癌风险分别为9.42×10^(-6)、2.85×10^(-6)和3.80×10^(-6),预期寿命损失分别为55.1、16.7和22.2 min;IUR取值为8.7×10^(-5)(ng/m^3)^(-1)时,超额致癌风险分别为7.46×10^(-4)、2.25×10^(-4)和3.01×10^(-4),预期寿命损失分别为4359、1318和1757 min。北京市某城区女性在不同污染天气过程的苯并[a]芘浓度暴露下,IUR取值为1.1×10^(-6)(ng/m^3)^(-1)及8.7×10^(-5)(ng/m^3)^(-1)时,超额致癌风险均超出10^(-6)的可接受水平,预期寿命损失分别为62.0、18.7、25.0 min和4903、1482和1976 min。结论基于2016年冬季苯并[a]芘浓度数值的健康风险评估结果说明,不同天气过程的苯并[a]芘暴露水平对北京市某城区人群具有潜在致癌风险。重污染天气过程苯并[a]芘暴露导致的超额致癌风险和预期寿命损失是非重污染天气过程的3.3倍。女性的超额致癌风险略低于男性,但预期寿命损失略高于男性。Objective To investigate the pollution level of ambient PM2.5-bound benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)in the heating season and its carcinogenic risk for inhabitants in an urban district of Beijing.Methods PM2.5 was daily sampled in an urban district of Beijing from December 2016 to February 2017.High performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detector(HPLC-FLD)method was used to determine the concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P.We assessed the lifetime excessive cancer risk and life expectancy loss due to inhalation of PM2.5-bound B[a]P in males,females and the general population based on days with different pollution levels.Results The median value of daily average concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P was 5.20(2.13,11.05)ng/m^(3).The median value of daily average concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P in heavily polluted days was 12.90(5.76,21.98)ng/m^(3),which was 3.3 times that of non-heavily polluted days(3.90(1.13,8.92)ng/m^(3)),showing a statistically significant difference.When the inhalation unit risk(IUR)was 1.1×10^(-6)(ng/m^(3))^(-1),the excessive cancer risks for males due to B[a]P exposure in heavily and non-heavily polluted days and the study period were 9.42×10^(-6),2.85×10^(-6)and 3.80×10^(-6),respectively,with the life expectancy loss being 55.1,16.7 and 22.2 minutes,respectively.When the IUR was 8.7×10^(-5)(ng/m^(3))^(-1),the excessive cancer risks of males were 7.46×10^(-4),2.25×10^(-4)and 3.01×10^(-4),respectively,with the life expectancy loss being 4,359,1,318 and 1,757 minutes,respectively.When the IURs were 1.1×10^(-6)(ng/m^(3))^(-1) and 8.7×10^(-6)(ng/m^(3))^(-1),the excessive cancer risks for females due to different B[a]P exposure levels were all more than the acceptable value of 10^(-6),with the life expectancy loss being 62.0,18.7,and 25.0 minutes as well as 4,903,1,482 and 1,976 minutes,respectively.Conclusion The results of health risk assessment based on the B[a]P concentration in the winter of 2016 displayed that B[a]P exposure in days with different polluted levels is regarded as potenti

关 键 词：苯并[A]芘 细颗粒物 超额致癌风险 预期寿命损失 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]