考虑变频器供电影响的异步电机电磁噪声特性分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Electromagnetic Noise in Induction Motor Considering the Influence of Inverter

作　　者：左曙光[1] 李凡[1] 胡潇睿 

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804

出　　处：《机电一体化》2021年第4期12-21,共10页Mechatronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51875410)。

摘　　要：针对变频器的高频电流谐波恶化了异步电机的电磁噪声问题,基于异步电机磁动势和磁导的时空特性分析,理论推导出了考虑变频器谐波电流的低阶电磁力空间阶次和时间频率,并利用三维电磁有限元模型对电磁力成分进行了验证。考虑变频器的输出特性,建立了异步电机控制-电磁-结构-声场多物理场仿真模型,仿真预测了样机的电磁噪声,并通过样机的振动噪声测量试验验证了该仿真模型的正确性。结果表明,变频器谐波电流产生的谐波磁场与异步电机基波磁场和定转子开槽相互作用,在开关频率及其整数倍频率附近产生了一系列空间阶次为0阶和2p阶的径向电磁力波,这些电磁力波加剧了异步电机的电磁噪声,增大了电机发生结构共振的可能性。This paper aims at the problem that the high-frequency current harmonics of inverter increase the electromagnetic noise of the induction motor.Based on the analysis of the magnetomotive force and magnetic permeance,the spatial and temporal characteristics of electromagnetic forces considering the inverter harmonics were derived theoretically and validated by the 3D electromagnetic finite element model.Considering the output characteristics of the inverter,a multi-physical simulation model of induction motor including control,electromagnetic,structure and sound field was established,and the electromagnetic noise of the prototype motor was predicted using this model.Meanwhile,the correctness of the simulation model was verified by the vibration and noise measurement test.Results show that a series of radial electromagnetic force waves whose space order is 0 and 2p near the switching frequency is produced due to the interactions of the inverter current harmonics,the fundamental magnetic field,and the slotting effect of the induction motor.Moreover,these force waves have a wider frequency range compared with permanent magnet synchronous motor which exacerbates the electromagnetic noise and increases the probability of structural resonance.

关 键 词：异步电机 变频器 电磁力 电磁噪声 谐波电流 开关频率 

分 类 号：TM343[电气工程—电机]