新技术变革时代“人”的变迁与社会法回应  

The Transformation of“Individual”in the Era of New Technological Revolution and the Response of Social Law

作　　者：吴文芳[1] 刘洁 WU Wenfang;LIU Jie

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2021年第8期106-122,共17页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：近代社会,个人被抽象为无差别、理性且平等的主体,资本家以“契约自治”之名对劳动者实行残酷的剥削,唤起了人们对抽象人之理论预设的反思。由此,扶助弱者、带有倾斜保护意蕴的社会立法兴起。互联网技术催生的平台经济在拉动就业的同时,也消解着传统劳动关系。自动化技术的发展使得低技能劳动者、从事常规工作的中间阶层面临被就业市场淘汰的风险。公私法融合属性的社会法制度,在应对灵活就业和技术失业问题上显得乏力,社会法应向更纯粹的私法和更广泛的公法靠拢,分类协同规范相关社会关系:充分尊重当事人双方的意思自治,淡化劳动合同中不必要的管制色彩;从人权保护视角重新定位劳动基准法,将受教育权的国家义务具体化,建立以全民基本收入为核心的社会保障体系。In modern society, individuals were abstracted as undifferentiated, rational, and equal subjects.Capitalists ruthlessly exploited laborers in the name of " autonomy of contract", which aroused people’ s reflection on the theoretical assumption of the abstract individuals. There has been a rise in social legislation which supports the weak and has the meaning of inclined protection. The platform economy spawned by new technological innovation not only boosts employment, but also dissolves labor relations. With the development of automation technology, low-skilled workers and the middle class in regular jobs face the risk of being eliminated from the job market. The existing social law system which integrates public law and private law is weak in dealing with the problem of flexible employment and technical unemployment, social law should use purer private law and wider public law to classify and coordinate various social relations.Measures such as(1) fully respecting the autonomy of will of both parties in the employment contract and eliminate unnecessary compulsory norms;(2) Redefining the labor standard law, from the perspective of human rights protection, specifying the state obligation of the right to education, establishing a social security system with the basic income for whole people as the core, may respond the challenges and transformation.

关 键 词：新技术变革 去劳动关系化 公私法 分类协同 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]