社会转型中农村养老方式的历史演进与现实困境  

Historical Evolution and Realistic Dilemma of Rural Elderly Care Models in Social Transition

作　　者：连芙蓉[1] 贾涵颀 LIAN Fu-rong;JIA Han-qi(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学哲学社会学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期98-107,共10页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC850004);国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BSH012);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2022018skzy016)。

摘　　要：社会转型过程中经济、人口与文化价值结构的变化让农村老龄化问题呈现出更加复杂的形式。农村养老成为经济社会发展中必须妥善解决的重要问题。在梳理改革开放以来中国农村养老模式的基础上,利用中国社会微观调查数据,分析社会转型过程中农村养老的影响因素及面临的困境和挑战。研究发现:改革开放以来,农村养老经历了新型家庭养老到社会养老的转型,实现了养老主体的多元化,但社会转型对农村养老也产生巨大冲击,导致农村养老面临养老服务非均衡发展、养老需求骤增、养老的价值理性削弱等现实困境。针对社会转型过程中农村养老所面临的困境与挑战,要继续发展居家养老服务,同时汲取传统文化的精髓,积极借鉴国际先进经验,探索多种模式互为补充及智能化的养老服务道路。In the process of social transformation, the changes in the structure of economy, population and cultural value make the problem of rural aging assume a more complex form. Rural insurance system has become an important issue that must be properly managed together with economic and social development.On the basis of sorting out China’s rural pension, since reform and opening up, and using the data of China’s micro social survey, this paper analyzes the factors, difficulties and challenges faced by rural pension. Then,the study concluded that since reform and opening-up, rural old-age has transited from a new family endowment to a social one and attained to the diversity of endowment. In the meantime, it also had a huge impact on old-age insurance system, leading to a non-balanced service development, a surge in rural old-age pension demand and weakening of its rational value. In view of the difficulties and challenges encountered ahead, it is necessary to persistently develop home-based elderly care services, absorb the essence of traditional culture,actively draw on international advanced experience as means to explore the possibility of multi-mode complementary and intelligent elderly care services.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 城乡倒置 老年抚养比 银色浪潮 农村养老方式 养老结构 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]