赛艇水上动作技术生物力学指标降维及其在训练中的应用  

Reducing Dimension of Biomechanical Parameters of On-Water Rowing Technique and its Application in Rowing Training

作　　者：梁志强 吕娇娇[1,2] Thompson PAUL 刘宇[2] LIANG Zhiqiang;Lu Jiaojiao;Thompson PAUL;LIU Yu(School of Kinesiology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Chinese Rowing Association,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育学院运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [3]中国赛艇协会,北京100061

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2021年第4期519-527,共9页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11932013);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(19YJCZH115)。

摘　　要：目的对赛艇动作技术指标进行降维,并依据现有研究成果对降维后指标在训练中的应用进行分析。方法以16名赛艇运动员80次氧利用2(oxygen utilisation 2,UT2)训练课时的动作技术表现为分析对象,采用因子分析法对动作技术的生物力学指标进行降维。结果赛艇水上动作技术的生物力学指标可归类为"动作技术特征因子"(70%峰值桨力角度、每1/4桨幅做功占比、抓水开始时间、出水打滑、峰值桨力点和峰值桨力角度)、"功率因子"(运动员平均功率、赛艇平均功率、运动员个人桨功率)、"桨幅因子"(入水角度、出水角度)和"桨运动的因子"(回桨时间、桨频和每桨位移距离)4大因子。结论对上述因子及其包含的生物力学指标进行监控与分析,可便于教练员及科研人员准确地判断赛艇运动员的动作技术特点及存在的不足。Objective To extract key parameters from a series of biomechanical parameters of rowing technique,so as to provide useful information for coach training.Methods Based on rowing performance of 16 rowers in national team,the factor analysis was used to extract reducing dimension of biomechanical parameters of rowing technique of 80 oxygen utilisation 2(UT2)training pieces.Results The biomechanical parameters of rowing techniques were classified as technical characteristic factors(angle of 70%peak force,work portion of per 25%stroke length,drive start time,finish slip,position of peak force and angle of peak force),power factor(rower power,average of boat power,port swivel power and stroke swivel power),stroke length factor(catch angle and finish angle)and oar’s motion factor(recovery time,stroke rate and distance of per stroke).Conclusions Monitoring and analyzing these biomechanical factors would contribute coaches and scientific researchers to accurately judge the technical characteristics and shortcomings of rowers.

关 键 词：赛艇 生物力学指标 因子分析 有氧训练 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]