影响标枪空气动力学距离技术因素的配对对比研究  

Paired Comparison of Technical Factors Influencing Javelin Aerodynamic Distance

作　　者：吕钢 买毅娜[3] 李翰君 于冰[1,5] Lu Gang;MAI Yina;LI Hanjun;YU Bing(Chinese Athletics Association,Beijing 100763,China;Wuhan Sport College,Wuhan 430079,China;Center of Athletics,Sports Administration of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430200,China;School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina 27599,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国田径协会,北京100763 [2]武汉体育学院,武汉430079 [3]湖北省体育局田径管理中心,武汉430200 [4]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [5]美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校,北卡罗来纳州27599

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2021年第4期546-552,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

摘　　要：目的确定实际比赛试投中与空气动力学有关的技术参数对标枪投掷空气动力学距离和成绩的影响。方法通过三维摄像方法获得22名中国和美国优秀女子标枪运动员每人在1次比赛中获得最长、最短空气动力学距离试投的生物力学数据,对比长、短空气动力学距离试投中与空气动力学有关的技术参数。结果与短空气动力学距离试投相比,长空气动力学距离试投的真空飞行距离显著短,但成绩显著长;长空气动力学距离试投出手速度显著低,标枪出手时的攻角和侧弯角显著小,水平方向角更偏向右侧。长、短空气动力学距离试投中右脚和左脚落地时标枪的仰角和水平指向角无显著差异。结论女子标枪运动员适当减小最后的用力程度有利于控制与空气动力学有关的出手参数,从而有利于获得空气动力学距离,并取得比较好的成绩。女子标枪运动员获得比较长的空气动力学距离需要减小标枪出手时的攻角,并且向右侧5°左右投出标枪。Objective To determine the effects of javelin release parameters related to aerodynamics on aerodynamic distance and results in javelin throwing in actual competition environments.Methods Kinematic data from javelin throwing of 22 Chinese and American elite women javelin throwers were obtained using threedimensional videographic method.The trial with the longest aerodynamic distance and the trial with the shortest aerodynamic distance for each thrower in the same competition were included in this study.Aerodynamics-related techinical parameters in long and short aerodynamic distance trials were compared.Results Compared with short aerodynamic distance trials,the vacuum flight distances of long aerodynamic distance trials were significantly shorter,but the official distances were significantly longer.The release velocities of long aerodynamic distance trials were significantly lower,the attack angles and bending angles were significantly smaller.The horizontal direction angles at release of the long aerodynamic distance trials were more to the right side.The elevation angles and horizontal pointing angles during right/left foot landing in long aerodynamic distance trials were not significantly different from those in short aerodynamic distance trials.Conclusions Throwing javelin with submaximal effort beneficiates the control of aerodynamics-related release parameters and thus increased chances to obtain long aerodynamic distance and better result in women javelin throwing.Reducing attack angle and releasing javelin about 5°to the right will assist women javelin throwers to obtain longer aerodynamic distance.

关 键 词：标枪投掷 空气动力学距离 出手速度 攻角 侧分角 水平方向角 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]