海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程观测及其生理生化变化特征  

Flower Bud Morphological Differentiation and Physiological Biochemistry Changes of Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels.

作　　者：张诗艳 张毛毛 张涛 叶清华[1] 谢倩[1] 陈清西[1] ZHANG Shiyan;ZHANG Maomao;ZHANG Tao;YE Qinghua;XIE Qian;CHEN Qingxi(College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第8期1347-1354,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：福建省大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(201910389047)。

摘　　要：为了解海南蒲桃[Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels.]花芽形态分化及相关生理生化变化特征,为海南蒲桃花果量调控和栽培管理提供依据。该研究采用冷冻切片技术和扫描观察法对海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程的结构特征进行观测,并采用蒽酮比色法、考马斯亮蓝G-250法和酶联免疫吸附检测法测定花芽相关生理指标。结果表明:(1)海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程包括7个阶段:花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期和雄蕊雌蕊形成期。(2)花芽形态分化过程中,花芽长度呈“快—慢”趋势增加,宽度呈“快—慢—快”趋势增加。(3)花芽可溶性糖和淀粉含量变化趋势为先降后升,蛋白质含量却持续升高。(4)花芽形态分化过程中,花芽GA_(3)含量极低,ABA、IAA和ZT含量升高,ABA/GA_(3)、ZT/GA_(3)比值增大,ABA/IAA比值减小。研究认为,在海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程中,大量的碳水化合物和蛋白质积累,低水平的GA_(3),高水平的ZT、ABA、IAA及ABA/GA_(3)、ZT/GA_(3)比值,均有利于海南蒲桃完成花芽形态分化。To understand flower bud morphological differentiation and related physiological biochemistry changes of Syzygium cumini,provide the basis for controlling the quantity of flower and cultivation management,we observed the morphological characteristics of flower buds by frozen section and scanning method,and the related physiology indexes were determined by anthrone colorimetry,coomassie brilliant blue G250 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent in this experiment.Results indicated that:(1)the flower bud morphological differentiation of S.cumini could be divided into seven periods:inflorescence primordium differentiation period,floret primordium differentiation period,sepal primordium differentiation period,petal primordium differentiation period,stamen primordium differentiation period,pistil primordium differentiation period and stamen and pistil formation period.(2)During the flower bud morphological differentiation of S.cumini,the length of flower bud showed a“fast-slow”growth trend and the width showed a“fast-slow-fast”growth trend.(3)As for the changes of nutrient and endogenous hormone contents in flower bud,total soluble sugar decreased firstly and then increased,the content of protein rose significantly.(4)During the flower bud morphological differentiation of S.cumini,the content of GA_(3) was extremely low,while ABA,IAA and ZT rose,the ratios of ABA/GA_(3) and ZT/GA_(3) increased while ABA/IAA decreased.In conclusion,during the seven periods of flower bud morphological differentiation of S.cumini,a massive accumulation of carbohydrate and protein,low concentration of GA_(3),high concentrations of ZT,ABA,IAA,ABA/GA_(3) and ZT/GA_(3) contribute to the flower bud morphological differentiation.

关 键 词：海南蒲桃 花芽分化 形态结构 营养物质 内源激素 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学] Q945.6